Webb discovers auroras on Neptune, and measures the exact size of Asteroid 2024 YR4, the first Private Mission to carry humans on a polar orbit, a mission that could reach and explore Mercury using only a solar sail. And in our bonus story on Patreon, what would it take to build a sample return mission to Io? ? Watch THIS VIDEO with NO ADS and a secret BONUS for FREE: https://www.patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Intro 00:24 JWST sees Neptune's auroras https://www.universetoday.com/articles/webb-sees-neptunes-auroras-for-the-first-time 01:46 Webb measures the size of asteroid YR4 https://www.universetoday.com/articles/webb-scans-asteroid-2024-yr4-its-60-meters-across 03:02 Private polar mission Fram-2 https://www.universetoday.com/articles/four-private-astronauts-are-about-to-make-a-polar-orbit-for-the-first-time 04:36 Riding a solar sail to Mercury https://www.universetoday.com/articles/a-mission-could-reach-mercury-on-solar-sails-alone 07:37 Gaia is gone https://www.universetoday.com/articles/its-mission-over-gaia-rides-off-into-the-sunset 08:59 Vote results https://www.youtube.com/@frasercain/community 09:35 Electromagnetic dust shield https://www.universetoday.com/articles/nasas-new-dust-repelling-shield-seems-to-work-well 11:43 Protoplanetary disks are small https://www.universetoday.com/articles/many-protoplanetary-disks-arent-much-bigger-than-earths-orbit 13:35 Cool images https://www.universetoday.com/articles/a-dramatic-einstein-ring-seen-by-webb https://www.universetoday.com/articles/here-are-spherexs-first-images 15:40 Guide to space https://www.universetoday.com/articles/lunar-polar-regions-could-have-microbes https://www.universetoday.com/articles/subsurface-voids-could-allow-for-living-on-the-moon-and-mars https://www.universetoday.com/articles/how-can-we-find-cryovolcanoes-on-europa https://www.universetoday.com/articles/spaceflight-weakens-our-weight-bearing-bones-the-most 17:05 Bonus story 17:33 Shows to watch ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/1NN_dPBVRoE ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Why don't moon landers just heat themselves to live through the lunar night? Will Betelgeuse's explosion cause a lot of gravitational waves? Is it even theoretically possible to accelerate close to the speed of light? And in our free bonus question on Patreon, what is my dream space mission? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A show. ? [Q&A+] Same video. No YT ads. BONUS question : https://www.patreon.com/universetoday ? [Overtime] Even more Q&A: https://www.patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Start 00:29 [TuckFeem0] Which galaxies does JWST see in its most distant surveys? 03:50 [Silas Miller] Why do moon rovers and landers die from cold instead of just heating themselves? 09:04 [Larry Ward] What's happening with the expansion of the Universe? 12:06 [Lost in space] When Betelgeuse goes boom, will there be detectable gravitational waves? 13:30 [Bohr1um] Did my audience growth stagnate? 18:12 [Oh Ish Waddup] Can you realistically accelerate close to the speed of light? ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/5UcujAzxSOI ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Could there be rouge planets floating in space between us and Alpha Centauri system? Will the Chinese be beaming power from a space station to Earth? Will solar sails be used for propulsion in our lifetime? And in our free bonus question on Patreon, how Lagrange points work for different planets and moons? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A. ? [Q&A+] Same video. No YT ads. BONUS question : https://www.patreon.com/universetoday ? [Overtime] Even more Q&A: https://www.patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Start 00:33 [Visto Tutti] Could there be rogue planets between us and Alpha-Cen? 03:59 [Wilkse1] Are there rogue black holes? 06:31 [KoiJoiJoe] Is the Chinese project to harvest solar energy in space and beam it to Earth real? 09:41 [KayKay14m] Will beaming power from space harm the atmosphere? 11:26 [Somadove] Will solar sails be used for propulsion in our lifetime? 13:21 [Abdul Samad Kholia] How can one work on realistic interstellar travel? ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/I8dH_L58mpQ ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Liquid mirror telescopes exist. But there's a big problem with them. They can only look directly up. Can we fix it? Can they work beyond the Earth's surface, in orbit or on the Moon? Finding out in this interview. ? Watch this video with NO ADS and a BONUS part for FREE: https://www.patreon.com/universetoday ? Guest: Dr. Alvaro Romero-Calvo https://lowgravitylab.ae.gatech.edu/ 00:00 Intro 01:16 How liquid mirror telescopes work 06:39 Changing the orientation 17:18 Adaptive optics with liquid mirrors 19:32 Going beyond Earth surface 25:18 Current obsessions 29:02 Final thoughts ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/PIVuv64h19c ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Long-chain hydrocarbons found on Mars, has dark energy been decreasing over time? a completely flat telescope lens, the center of the Milky Way contains a star grinder. And in our free version on Patreon, a new theory for the formation of Mercury. ? Watch THIS VIDEO with NO ADS and a secret BONUS for FREE: https://www.patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Intro 00:20 Long-chain Hydrocarbons on Mars https://www.universetoday.com/articles/long-chain-hydrocarbons-found-on-mars 02:10 Weird Mars rock found by Percy https://science.nasa.gov/blog/shocking-spherules/ 03:44 Possible solution for Hubble Tension https://www.universetoday.com/articles/fresh-findings-strengthen-the-case-for-dark-energys-evolution 08:24 Flat lens telescope https://www.universetoday.com/articles/researchers-test-a-completely-flat-telescope-lens 10:23 Updates on the earliest galaxies https://www.universetoday.com/articles/the-most-distant-known-galaxy-already-had-oxygen 12:34 Galaxy blowing on cosmic fog https://www.universetoday.com/articles/webb-sees-an-early-galaxy-blowing-away-the-cosmic-fog 14:41 Vote results https://www.youtube.com/@frasercain/community 15:14 Space tornadoes https://www.universetoday.com/articles/there-are-space-tornadoes-surrounding-the-core-of-the-milky-way 16:59 The star grinder https://www.universetoday.com/articles/the-star-grinder-a-cloud-of-black-holes-at-the-center-of-the-milky-way 18:01 Cool space images https://www.universetoday.com/articles/webb-sees-a-young-star-create-a-cosmic-tornado 19:13 More space news 20:32 Bonus story. Origin of Mercury 21:02 Our biggest piece of content ever https://www.patreon.com/posts/patron-questions-125246249 ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/Q_UyQqTv-oA ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Will astronauts be eventually replaced by robots in space? Is there a plan for a replacement for the Kepler telescope? Do Intuitive Machines failures mean that Starship HLS is kind of in danger? And in our free bonus question on Patreon, will Artemis become 100% SpaceX? All this and more in this Q&A show. ? Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Start 00:30 Will astronauts be replaced by robots? 05:12 Is the vertical Starship HLS in danger? 07:44 What does NASA budget cuts mean for Chandra? 11:53 Are there any plans to repalce Kepler? ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/jWYHflFer-o ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Titan is the only known world except Earth that has liquid on its surface and a dense atmosphere. We are planning to send a nuclear helicopter called Dragonfly to explore it. What can we expect from Titan? Finding out in this interview. ? Watch this video with NO ADS and a BONUS part for FREE: https://www.patreon.com/universetoday ? Guest: Dr. Sam Birch https://geomorph-sbirch.com/ ? Titan?s Fluvial & Lacustrine Landscapes https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.02556 00:00 Intro 00:58 Why Titan? 08:28 Climate on Titan 13:32 Dragonfly mission 23:31 Sub-surface ocean 31:05 Current obsessions ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/jxPsu0zHrd8 ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Should we be colouring our star green to make it stand out for potential aliens? What would it take for a space station to be fully self-sufficient? What happened to LUVOIR which was supposed to be a bigger version of JWST? And in our free bonus question on Patreon, can you win a Nobel Prize by watching YouTube videos. All this and more in this Q&A. ? Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Start 00:32 Can a space station be 100% self-sustaining? 03:54 Should we paint the Sun green? 06:29 How can we still see the CMB? 08:02 Starlink and the destruction of ozone layer 12:31 What's going on with the LUVOIR telescope? ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/YgeitQyLr9c ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Blue Ghost wraps up two busy weeks on the Moon with a sunset, good news, the death star isn?t pointing at us, and a new option for the Mars Sample Return mission. And our longer edition on Patreon, how supernovae could have caused two of Earth?s mass extinction events. ? Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Intro 00:19 Blue Ghost's eclipse and sunset https://www.universetoday.com/articles/this-is-a-lunar-eclipse-seen-from-the-moon https://www.universetoday.com/articles/blue-ghost-watches-the-lunar-sunset-signalling-the-end-of-its-mission 02:45 Some science for Athena IM-2 https://www.universetoday.com/articles/one-instrument-on-the-failed-lunar-lander-did-a-little-science 04:25 Good News about the "Death Star" https://keckobservatory.org/pinwheel/ 06:30 Rocket Lab's Mars Sample Return architecture https://spacenews.com/bringing-mars-to-earth-solving-mars-sample-return/ 08:36 China's MSR https://www.cnsa.gov.cn/english/n6465645/n6465648/c10652198/part/10652214.pdf 09:36 Euclid's deep field https://www.universetoday.com/articles/the-esas-euclid-space-telescope-gives-glimpses-of-its-deep-field 11:19 Vote results https://www.youtube.com/@frasercain/community 11:57 My favourite exoplanet system https://www.universetoday.com/articles/webb-directly-observers-giant-planets-sensing-carbon-dioxide-in-their-atmospheres 14:06 A glipse of SKA's ability https://www.universetoday.com/articles/the-square-kilometre-array-releases-its-first-test-image 16:01 Deimos by Hera https://www.universetoday.com/articles/hera-swings-past-mars-sees-deimos-from-a-new-angle 16:59 Guide to space 17:31 Secret bonus story 17:58 New articles ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/ddeDJBeGLCI ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

What would a black hole do if it was inside Uranus? What do I think about AI-generated content impersonating Universe Today? What telescope should you buy in 2025? And in our free extended version, the deepest rabbit hole I went into. All this and more in this Q&A show. ? Same video. No YT ads +a BONUS question: https://www.patreon.com/posts/124793779 ? Even more Q&A in Overtime: https://www.patreon.com/posts/overtime-for-q-124799180 00:00 Start 00:27 Black hole in Uranus 02:12 What would I tell scientists 100 year ago? 03:44 Telescope recommendations 06:39 Channels impersonating me. What should I do? 08:39 How does throwing a ball in an artificial gravity ring station look like? 11:57 Will Betelgeuse explode soon? 14:30 Where to leave your questions ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/ajvutm--rgQ ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

What is my biggest disappointment in the history of space exploration? Will the YR4 asteroid have a chance to hit the Moon? Does the solar gravitational lens need a coronagraph? And in our free extended version, how time dilation changes intergalactic travel? All this and more in this Q&A show. ? Same video. No YT ads. +a BONUS question: https://www.patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Start 00:29 Will the Solar Gravitational Lens telescope need a coronagraph? 03:47 Will the asteroid YR4 have a chance to hit the Moon? 05:28 What is the most advanced on the scale that we could possibly miss? 09:47 What?s my current biggest disappointment in space exploration? 13:08 What does privatisation of space mean for us? ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/0guVsZhB2Ww ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

As we put more and more satellites in orbit, chances of them colliding also increase. How can we manage that? How can we make sure that Kessler syndrome won't happen and keep all those satellites from destroying each other? Finding out in this interview. ? Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday ? Guest: Dr. Sydney Dolan https://sydneyidolan.com/ 00:00 Intro 01:38 How satellites avoid collisions 08:11 Close calls 11:20 Detecting and modelling collisions 20:28 Understanding orbits 25:28 Autonomy 32:18 Current obsessions 36:43 Bonus part 37:41 More interviews ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/D9Jf41w1ChI ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Could we find a way to Earth from another part of a galaxy? Would people born on Mars grow taller to adopt to lower gravity? Can you jump off the surface of Pluto? And in our free bonus question on Patreon, what would happen if dark energy is disproved? All this and more in this Q&A. ? Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Start 00:29 Could we find a way back home from another part of the galaxy? 03:06 How high could you jump on Pluto? 04:23 Would people born on Mars be taller? 06:36 Is a space race a good idea? 11:10 Should asteroid mining be regulated? ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/ivgaHbBdKoQ ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Astronomers find 128 new moons for Saturn, four mini-Earths orbiting around Barnard?s Star, a new video from Blue Ghost 1, massive science budget cuts for NASA, and in our Patreon version, a bonus story about the return of the X-37b spaceplane. ? Watch THIS VIDEO with NO ADS and a secret BONUS for FREE: ? Total Lunar Eclipse Livestream: https://www.youtube.com/live/c1yBw4e3rGk?si=F6yo04asBdRy2E1V 00:00 Intro 00:20 128 new moons of Saturn https://www.universetoday.com/articles/whoa-astronomers-found-128-new-moons-orbiting-saturn 01:46 Four mini-Earth around Barnard's star https://www.universetoday.com/articles/four-mini-earths-found-at-barnards-star 03:48 Firefly Blue Ghost drills into the Moon https://www.universetoday.com/articles/watch-blue-ghost-test-its-vacuum-and-drill-experiments-on-the-moon 06:17 IM-2 Athena is over https://www.universetoday.com/articles/the-athena-lunar-lander-also-fell-over-on-its-side 07:41 Vote results https://www.youtube.com/@frasercain/community 08:16 NASA Science budget cuts https://arstechnica.com/space/2025/03/white-house-may-seek-to-slash-nasas-science-budget-by-50-percent/ 10:21 Visiting the YR4 asteroid https://www.universetoday.com/articles/remember-that-asteroid-that-isnt-going-to-hit-earth-we-could-send-a-mission-to-explore-it 11:47 Cool images https://www.universetoday.com/articles/webb-looks-right-into-the-flame-nebula https://www.universetoday.com/articles/two-protostars-work-together-to-create-an-hourglass-shape 13:56 Guide to space newsletter https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter 14:32 FREE bonus story: X37-b spaceplane 14:44 Big announcement https://youtu.be/H0uKlAHcUGk?si=TbwEeW-Vxoe9aasu ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/nsNz69J0E10 ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

? Become a Member on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/universetoday ? New Universe Today website with NO ADS: https://www.universetoday.com/ ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/H0uKlAHcUGk ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Is it possible that some of the galaxies out there are made of antimatter? How transparent is science research across the world? Which of the Lagrange points is my favourite? And in our free bonus question on Patreon, how big can of a moon can the Earth sustain? All this and more in this Q&A show. ? Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Start 00:29 Can antimatter galaxies exist out there? 02:03 Can we use double gravitational lenses? 03:40 My favourite Earth's Lagrange point? 05:48 How transparent is space research across the world? 11:13 What if we find out where life started? 13:17 Are there frozen nitrogen asteroids? ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/9BOceM8V_xU ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Firefly?s Blue Ghost 1 lands safely on the Moon, Athena? doesn?t, and another lunar mission goes missing. NASA shuts down more instruments on the Voyagers, and Europa Clipper makes a flyby of Mars. Starship explodes again. And in the free Patreon edition, how Vera Rubin could find another flyby target for New Horizons. ? Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Intro 00:19 Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost lands on the Moon https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/touchdown-carrying-nasa-science-fireflys-blue-ghost-lands-on-moon/ 02:12 Athena IM-2 falls on its side (again) https://www.intuitivemachines.com/im-2 04:08 Two missions failed https://www.astroforge.com/updates/odint-mission-debrief 05:33 Next step for private Venus mission https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/nasa-installs-heat-shield-on-first-private-spacecraft-bound-for-venus/ 06:59 Voyagers keep shutting down instruments https://www.universetoday.com/articles/and-then-there-were-three-nasa-shuts-down-more-voyager-2-science-instruments 08:27 Europa Clipper flies past Jupiter https://www.nasa.gov/missions/europa-clipper/nasas-europa-clipper-uses-mars-to-go-the-distance/ 09:31 Vote results https://www.youtube.com/@frasercain/community 10:03 Patrially cloudy on an ultra-hot Neptune https://www.universetoday.com/articles/todays-forecast-partially-cloudy-skies-on-an-ultra-hot-neptune 11:40 Dark matter doesn't decay https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1074969 13:14 Smashed planet https://chandra.si.edu/press/25releases/press030425.html 14:21 Capsule re-entry https://www.varda.com/missions/w-2 15:38 Starship IFT-8 https://www.universetoday.com/articles/spacex-starship-test-falls-short-for-second-time-in-a-row 17:16 Guide to Space 17:15 Better user experience and a bonus story ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/qLlnzYsdfpM ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Did James Webb break the age of the Universe? Can we watch asteroids that are about to hit the Moon? How much of actuation astronomy is done on the ISS? Plus, in our extended version on Patreon, what shape do black holes take? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A. ? Same video. No ads. +BONUS question. For FREE. https://www.patreon.com/universetoday ? Even more questions with Overtime: https://www.patreon.com/posts/overtime-for-qa-123636307 00:00 Start 00:27 Did JWST break the age of the Universe? 04:22 How much astronomy is done on the ISS? 07:53 How to prepare to the Halley's comet arrival? 09:58 How can we know the mass of a black hole? 10:47 Is infinite speed better than the speed of light? 11:44 Do we track asteroids that might hit the Moon? ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/gzxRUS7Br94 ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Is there a risk of contaminating Earth with space-resistant bacteria when de-orbiting the ISS? What would be the next big outpost when humanity reaches Mars? What's the real shape of Lagrange points? Plus, in our bonus part on Patreon, could there be life in lava tubes. Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A show. ? Same video. No ads. +BONUS question. For FREE. https://www.patreon.com/universetoday ? Even more questions with Overtime: https://www.patreon.com/posts/overtime-for-q-123098406 00:00 Start 00:30 What's the ultimate destiny of stars? 03:16 Could we colonize Mars if it had air? 07:39 Could we colonize Venus if it had air? 10:20 Why bring up the density of black holes? 12:57 Fraserverse movies 17:46 Do neutrinos go faster than light? ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/b0sdyvaSRK4 ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Astronomers saw a rare type of supernova in the galaxy NGC 2891. Finding out what was so special about it and why is it a perfect example of why we need the Vera Rubin Telescope as soon as possible. ? Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday ? Guest: Dr. Charlotte Angus https://charlotte-angus.com/ Young Supernova Experiment https://yse.ucsc.edu/ 00:00 Intro 01:29 Supernova event 15:36 What was left behind 17:25 Precursors 22:18 Betelgeuse 26:47 Current obsessions 30:16 Bonus part and more interviews ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/6AirV04cCW4 ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

The asteroid threat is down to zero, whatever happened to that star that was supposed to go nova, more landers are launched to the Moon. Plus in our extended version on Patreon, how Venus?s atmosphere could protect life in its clouds. ? Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Intro 00:18 Told you so https://www.universetoday.com/171085/as-expected-the-threat-from-2024-yr4-has-essentially-dropped-to-zero/ 02:11 Waiting for a nova https://www.universetoday.com/170944/is-t-coronae-borealis-about-to-light-up/ 04:11 Galactic journey https://www.universetoday.com/171115/the-solar-system-is-taking-a-fascinating-journey-through-the-milky-way/ 06:23 Atherna launches, upcoming Moon landings https://www.intuitivemachines.com/im-2 08:41 Why is Mars red https://www.universetoday.com/171086/a-new-explanation-for-why-mars-is-red/ 10:19 Vote results https://www.youtube.com/@frasercain/community 10:53 China tests space refuelling https://www.universetoday.com/171057/a-chinese-satellite-tests-orbital-refuelling/ 13:13 Glacier loss https://www.universetoday.com/171045/glaciers-worldwide-are-melting-faster-causing-sea-levels-to-rise-more/ 14:53 Upcoming Starship IFT-8 15:47 Bonus news story 16:29 Guide to Space 17:02 Upcoming SciFi ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/1XIsGx7tAsY ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Would we have colonized Mars by now if it had air? What is the ultimate fate of stars? What's the point of talking about the density of black holes? And which movies would go into the Fraserverse? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A show. ? Same video. No ads. +BONUS question. For FREE. https://www.patreon.com/universetoday ? Even more questions with Overtime: https://www.patreon.com/posts/overtime-for-q-123098406 00:00 Start 00:30 What's the ultimate destiny of stars? 03:16 Could we colonize Mars if it had air? 07:39 Could we colonize Venus if it had air? 10:20 Why bring up the density of black holes? 12:57 Fraserverse movies 17:46 Do neutrinos go faster than light? ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/b0sdyvaSRK4 ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Will SpaceX eventually consume NASA? Are there asteroids at Lagrange points in front and behind the Earth? Can we track the Space Force's secret X37 shuttle? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A show. ? Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Start 00:31 Are there asteroids in Earth's Lagrange points? 04:09 Will Musk fold NASA into SpaceX? 12:15 How will current US events change Canadian Space Agency? 15:06 Do we track the Space Force secret "Shuttle"? ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/ejGGdBH9IzM ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

A massive new release of Type 1a supernova data, did astronomers see a strange star form? huge spiral arms of comets in the Oort Cloud, and the highest energy neutrino ever detected. Plus in our extended version on Patreon, how scientists could get real data on UAPs. ? Watch THIS VIDEO with NO ADS and a secret BONUS for FREE: https://www.patreon.com/posts/122805716 00:00 Intro 00:20 Massive release of Type 1a supernovae data https://www.universetoday.com/170923/huge-release-of-type-1a-supernovae-data/ 03:33 First strange star? https://www.universetoday.com/171006/did-astronomers-just-witness-the-formation-of-a-strange-star/ 06:04 When did the Moon solidify? https://www.universetoday.com/170956/the-moon-solidified-4-43-billion-years-ago/ 07:36 Spiral structures in the Oort cloud https://www.universetoday.com/170976/a-spiral-structure-in-the-inner-oort-cloud/ 09:08 Vote results https://www.youtube.com/@frasercain/community 10:10 Highest energy neutrino ever detected https://www.universetoday.com/170914/an-unfinished-detector-has-already-spotted-the-highest-energy-neutrino-ever-seen/ 12:20 JWST spies fireworks at Sgr a https://www.universetoday.com/170986/webb-telescope-fireworks-milky-way-galaxy-black-hole/ 13:36 Intermediate size black holes https://www.universetoday.com/171003/desi-found-300-candidate-intermediate-mass-black-holes/ 15:26 Cool space images https://www.universetoday.com/170928/stunning-80-megapixel-image-of-a-stellar-nursery/ https://www.universetoday.com/170915/a-flaming-flower-in-the-large-magellanic-cloud/ 16:36 Guide to Space 17:10 Bonus part 17:42 Current state of NASA ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/WkqpZx6bt_0 ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

What will we really lose in case SLS actually gets cancelled? Would nuclear rockets bring a significant enough improvement to space travel? Do we even know how to die in space? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A show. ? Watch this same video with no ads and a bonus question: https://www.patreon.com/posts/bonus-question-q-122574752 ? Additional Overtime episode with even more questions: https://www.patreon.com/posts/overtime-for-q-122575228 00:00 Start 00:24 What are we losing if the SLS is cancelled? 05:59 Will a space dry dock work? 09:39 Do we even know how to die in space? 11:15 What blows my mind? 12:51 Would nuclear rockets go faster than our current engines? ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/JxMjGabWNOE ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Does dark matter annihilate with normal matter? Should we be searching for signs of life in other galaxies? Do we know how to terraform exoplanets? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A. ? Watch additional Overtime: https://patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Start 00:22 How can we terraform exoplanets? 08:28 Can we detect life in another galaxy? 12:46 Does dark matter and normal matter annihilate? 15:46 Does the YT algorithm help my channel? 21:34 SECRET bonus question ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/bP5RIQU8-0s ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Moving across the surface of Enceladus can be more tricky than you think. Rough icy terrain can be hard for wheels. No atmosphere makes helicopters impossible. Thus, hopping and jumping might be the answer! ? Watch our videos with no ads: https://www.patreon.com/universetoday ? NIAC 2025 playlist (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmllrKLZ9d6STqkKc3Pj4S7M) ? NIAC 2024 playlist (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmn__xOxSjc9zn8AEeaL831-) ? NIAC 2023 playlist (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmmM_Ft5DzAbrwzXHB8ED0rf) ? Guest: Dr. Justin Yim https://publish.illinois.edu/novelmobilerobotslab/ NIAC Award. LEAP ? Legged Exploration Across the Plume https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/stmd/niac/leap-legged-exploration-across-the-plume/ 00:00 Intro 01:29 Enceladus 02:34 NIAC proposal 04:35 SALTO hopper 10:27 Scientific challenges 13:15 Alternative destinations 16:18 Scaling things up 20:26 Deliverables for NIAC 22:03 Current obsessions 30:24 More interviews ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/fXQ0tWw0zjE ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

James Webb finds the smallest asteroids in the main belt, astronomers double the chances of that asteroid strike in 2032, using hydrogel to protect astronauts from radiation, and material from Alpha centauri is already streaming into the Solar System. ? Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Intro 00:20 JWST sees the smallest asteroid https://www.universetoday.com/170834/jwst-finds-the-smallest-asteroids-ever-seen-in-the-main-belt/ 02:45 Double the chances of hitting Earth https://www.universetoday.com/170837/yes-the-odds-of-an-asteroid-striking-earth-have-doubled-no-you-dont-need-to-worry/ 05:52 Webb sees newly forming planets https://www.universetoday.com/170882/the-jwst-gives-us-our-best-image-of-planets-forming-around-a-star/ 07:13 Protecting from radiation with hydrogel https://www.universetoday.com/170817/hydrogels-could-be-ideal-radiation-protection-for-astronauts/ 09:03 Vote results 09:38 Meterial from Alpha Centauri https://www.universetoday.com/170799/material-from-alpha-centauri-is-already-here/ 11:37 Dark Matter dominating early Universe https://www.universetoday.com/170833/a-new-study-reveals-how-dark-matter-dominated-the-early-universe-1/ 13:17 Mars clouds from Curiosity https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia26519-curiosity-views-twilight-clouds/ 14:02 Einstein ring from Euclid https://www.universetoday.com/170864/the-euclid-space-telescope-captures-a-rare-stunning-einstein-ring/ 14:59 RCW 38 https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2503/ 15:41 More space news 16:17 Bonus story on Patreon ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/L6Hw1ofU0IE ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Which NIAC project would be the best to bring to life? Are there really more stars than grains of sand on Earth? Is the solar eclipse going away from us? What's on my shelf behind me? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A. ? Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Start 00:26 Is the total solar eclipse going away? 02:24 Will Starship and New Glenn bring more space observatories? 04:36 Which NIAC award is the most exciting? 06:48 Are there places in the Universe with dozens of galaxies in the sky? 08:21 Are there more grains of sand than stars in the Universe? 09:54 Item from the shelf 12:33 A starhade project ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/MEfNk0dS2tI ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

NASA just funded a NIAC project to study the possibility of building large structures on the Moon, on Mars and in space out of glass. Blowing glass bubbles similarly to how it's done on Earth. ? Watch our videos with no ads: https://www.patreon.com/universetoday ? Guest: Dr. Martin Bermudez https://www.skyeports.com/ NIAC Award. Lunar Glass Structure (LUNGS): Enabling Construction of Monolithic Habitats in Low-Gravity: https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/stmd/niac/lunar-glass-structure-lungs-enabling-construction-of-monolithic-habitats-in-low-gravity/ 00:00 Intro 01:25 How difficult is blowing glass 14:11 Moon habitat made of glass 29:07 Glass structures in space 33:17 What is NIAC like 40:57 Current obsessions 43:38 More interviews ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/p-eGu_RGCOI ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Will space debris prevent us from accessing orbit and when could it happen? Is the Universe with all its rules just a lucky accident? What does "The Publisher of Universe Today" even do? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A show. ? Watch the extended Overtime Q&A: https://www.patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Start 00:27 Will the Kessler syndrome stop us from launching rockets? 04:11 The fine-tuning problem 09:38 What does the Publisher of Universe Today actually do? 14:43 How do I stay rested with all this? ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/AVyTQuzw4us ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Venus has a thick layer of clouds that obscures our view of the surface. To tackle that, this NIAC project suggests launching a balloon with a tether that will go below the cloud layer and help us image Venus surface. ? Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday ? Guest: Dr Benjamin Hockman https://www-robotics.jpl.nasa.gov/who-we-are/people/benjamin_hockman/ NIAC Award. TOBIAS: Tethered Observatory for Balloon-based Imaging and Atmospheric Sampling https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/stmd/niac/tobias-tethered-observatory-for-balloon-based-imaging-and-atmospheric-sampling/ 00:00 Intro 01:37 Upper atmosphere of Venus 20:23 Possible Sample Collection 21:52 Upcoming Venus missions 25:18 NIAC project goals 26:58 Current obsessions ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/BePPHPj6uo8 ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

A new asteroid with a 1% chance of hitting Earth in 2032, the European Space Agency is building a Lunar Lander platform, the largest structure in the Universe has been discovered, and how far away could we detect ourselves? ? Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Intro 00:19 Asteroid can hit Earth in 2032 https://www.universetoday.com/170717/an-asteroid-has-a-1-chance-of-impacting-earth-in-2032/ 02:27 ESA's lunar lander https://www.universetoday.com/170745/esa-is-building-its-own-lunar-lander/ 03:39 Moon's geological activity https://www.universetoday.com/170694/evidence-of-recent-geological-activity-on-the-moon/ 05:17 Moon canyons https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-55675-z 07:01 How far can we detect ourselves https://www.universetoday.com/170747/how-far-away-could-we-detect-ourselves/ 09:45 Vote results https://www.youtube.com/@frasercain/community 10:25 Largest structure in the Universe https://www.universetoday.com/170765/astronomers-find-the-largest-structure-in-the-universe-and-name-it-quipu/ 12:44 Signs of a SMBH in the Large Magellanic Cloud https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.00102 14:00 Three great images 16:15 Even more space news 17:42 Interviews ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/Nforc1j1Dl4 ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Who will get sample from Mars first? Who controls the James Webb Space Telescope? Does space radiation rule out panspermia? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A show. ? Watch the extended Overtime Q&A: https://www.patreon.com/posts/overtime-for-qa-121506185 00:00 Start 00:25 Mars sample return race. USA or China? 06:04 What happens to the information going into a black hole? 09:49 Who controls JWST? 12:20 Do we need science when we have AI now? 17:00 Does space radiation rule out panspermia? ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/5RCVITsXEQA ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

We all want to see potentially habitable exoplanets around Sun-like stars. But to do that you need a starshade. Something to cover the star and reveal the faint planets around it. What can we build these structures from to make them rigid and strong enough? Finding out in this interview. ? Guest: Christine Gregg Dynamically Stable Large Space Structures via Architected Metamaterials https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/stmd/niac/dynamically-stable-large-space-structures-via-architected-metamaterials/ ? Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Intro 02:05 Meta-materials 06:12 NIAC award 14:11 In-space assembly 27:04 More interviews ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/exiT7BsJhH0 ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Why are most craters circular, no matter which angle the meteor falls? Is there a size limit for a telescope before diminishing returns take place? Can black holes have atmospheres? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A show. ? Watch the extended Overtime Q&A: https://www.patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Start 00:24 How big can a telescope get? 05:12 Does an optical telescope on the Moon make any sense? 08:13 Can black holes have atmospheres? 11:05 Why are craters circular not elliptical? 12:41 Will Starship refuel in orbit in 2025? 12:52 Is there evidence for primordial black holes? ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/MaKWptXAxC8 ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Space Docks are everywhere in science fiction. It's the most logical way to build big constructions in space. So, NASA funded a futuristic project that studies the possibility of assembling structures in space. ? Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday ? NIAC 2024 playlist (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmn__xOxSjc9zn8AEeaL831-) ? NIAC 2023 playlist (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmmM_Ft5DzAbrwzXHB8ED0rf) ? Guest: Dr Vojtech Holub https://thinkorbital.com/ ? NIAC award, Construction Assembly Destination: https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/stmd/niac/construction-assembly-destination/ 00:00 Intro 01:26 Welding in space experiment 08:03 The NIAC award 27:39 Current obsessions 30:01 Final thoughts and more interviews ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/3BHNz68krNM ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

The MOXIE experiment on the Perseverance rover showed that creating oxygen on other planets is possible. Now, we can apply the same logic to Venus. This could allow the creation of constantly floating balloons, leading to cloud cities in the future. ? Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Intro 02:03 MOXIE experiment on Perseverance 08:17 Exploring Venus with Electrolysis 22:18 Protecting the balloon 25:10 Efficiency 34:23 More interviews ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/IYD5DIVgDGo ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Venus is closer than Mars. It's more Earth-like. We can bring back samples from it. But it's chronically underexlored. This is why we need a Venus Exploration Program! ? Watch the bonus part about Mars Sample Return: https://www.patreon.com/universetoday ? Guest: Dr Paul Byrne https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.06830 00:00 Intro 01:35 Current state of Venus exploration 08:08 Venus Exploration Program 16:41 Technological advancements 23:32 Venus Sample Return 27:05 Why Venus at all 38:36 Big scientific question 57:07 Current obsessions ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/qshaDSStFPY ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

The building blocks of life have been found in asteroid samples, the most volcanic activity ever seen on Io, astronauts are searching for bacteria on the outside of the space station, and Ingenuity found surprisingly fast wind speeds on Mars. ? Watch our videos with no ads: https://www.patreon.com/c/universetoday/posts ? TRAPPIST-1 Interview https://youtu.be/B8H4EnbKkgU?si=yx3T0c04AC2fRg8c 00:00 Intro 00:19 Building blocks for life in OSIRIS-REx samples https://www.universetoday.com/170693/the-building-blocks-for-life-found-in-asteroid-bennu-samples/ 03:08 First launch for an asteroid mining company https://arstechnica.com/space/2025/01/astroforge-selects-target-for-high-risk-seat-of-the-pants-asteroid-mission/ 05:47 Record-breaking volcanic activity on Io https://www.universetoday.com/170655/juno-sees-a-massive-hotspot-of-volcanic-activity-on-io/ 07:08 2 planets 1 star https://www.universetoday.com/170673/massive-gas-giant-planets-locked-in-a-gravitational-struggle/ 08:39 Microbes outside the ISS https://www.universetoday.com/170658/astronauts-are-going-to-check-if-there-are-microbes-on-the-outside-of-the-station/ 10:31 Vote results https://www.youtube.com/@frasercain/community 11:04 Ingenuity and wind speeds https://www.universetoday.com/170619/ingenuity-measured-windspeeds-on-mars-during-its-flights/ 12:43 M87 changing over time https://www.universetoday.com/170642/watching-the-changing-m87-black-hole-event-horizon/ 14:45 Predicting solar flares with AI https://www.universetoday.com/170687/machine-learning-could-have-predicted-the-powerful-solar-storms-in-2024/ 17:02 More space news 17:42 Flood of interviews ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/heXfIiyl0GU ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

How big can a space crowbar be? Why does the Sun look bigger near the horizon? How do we measure temperature on the Moon? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A show. ? Watch the extended Overtime Q&A: https://patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Start 00:23 How do we measure temperature on the Moon or in space? 03:51 Can you see more of the Milky Way in the Southern Hemisphere? 06:07 What is metallic hydrogen? 10:16 Is the Sun bigger near the horizon? 12:45 What's Gaia's role in the distance ladder? 15:45 How big can a crowbar be in space? ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/aMrsKgJPnxA ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

NASA is launching a new telescope this year called Pandora. It'll be specifically inspecting atmospheres of exoplanets. It even uses spare parts from JWST. Learning more about the Pandora telescope in this interview. ? Guest: Dr Ben Hord https://pandorasat.com/ ? Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Intro 01:31 What is the Pandora mission 07:37 Target selection 13:38 Spare detector from JWST 16:59 Fighting stellar contamination 26:32 An alternative for TRAPPIST-1 28:57 What's next for Pandora 35:05 Current obsessions 38:18 Final thoughts ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/96Ee8Z-sbSU ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Did we find ore veins on Moon or Mars? Can we see astronomical objects in 3D? Can we catch a ride on a comet? How will the internet work on Mars? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A. ? Watch the extended Overtime Q&A: https://patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Start 00:23 Did we find ore veins on Moon or Mars? 05:13 Is it harder to land on the Moon or on Mars? 10:40 What are the potential supernovae we could see in our lifetime? 12:41 Can we hitch a ride on a comet? 14:16 What will the Mars colony internet be like? 17:45 How to communicate with Mars when it's blocked by the Sun? ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/d-0WXmUKPRU ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

What's going on with the TRAPPIST-1 system? Did James Webb find atmospheres or not? Do any of the planets have a chance to be habitable? When should we expect more information? Answering all these questions in this interview. ? Get the extra part for free here: https://www.patreon.com/universetoday ? Guest: Megan Gialluca https://depts.washington.edu/astrobio/wordpress/profile/megan-gialluca/ 00:00:00 Intro 00:01:43 TRAPPIST-1b 00:17:45 TRAPPIST-1c 00:35:12 TRAPPIST-1d 00:40:06 TRAPPIST-1e, f, g, h 00:42:19 The problem of stellar contamination 01:03:50 Current obsessions ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/B8H4EnbKkgU ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

What happened to Starship during test flight 7? Astronomers see a black hole?s jets forming in real-time. Curiosity finds ripples of an ancient shore, and an insanely high-resolution image of Andromeda captured by Hubble. ? Watch our videos with no ads: https://www.patreon.com/c/universetoday/posts 00:00 Intro 00:19 What happened to Starship during Flight 7 https://www.spacex.com/launches/mission/?missionId=starship-flight-7 02:25 Black Hole jets forming in real-time https://www.universetoday.com/170504/black-hole-jets-seen-forming-in-real-time/ 03:37 Flapping flag on the Moon https://www.universetoday.com/170350/chinas-change-7-will-include-a-flag-that-will-flap-on-the-moon/ 05:35 Super fast winds on an exoplanet https://www.universetoday.com/170549/supersonic-winds-blowing-on-an-extreme-exoplanet/ 06:55 Non-solo hot Jupiters https://www.universetoday.com/170538/hot-jupiters-can-co-exist-with-other-planets/ 08:19 Vote results 09:06 Predicting solar flares https://www.universetoday.com/170547/coronal-loops-flicker-right-before-the-sun-unleashes-big-flares/ 10:56 Why Mars has two different hemispheres https://www.anu.edu.au/news/all-news/new-marsquake-data-could-help-solve-one-of-our-solar-systems-biggest-mysteries 12:35 Open water marks from Curiosity https://www.universetoday.com/170532/curiosity-finds-ancient-wave-ripples-on-mars/ 14:13 2.5 Billion pixels of Andromeda https://www.universetoday.com/170498/hubble-takes-a-2-5-gigapixel-image-of-andromeda/ 15:45 NIAC season ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/EOe9tozfYn4 ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

How does JWST stay in L2 and not drift away? What is the wait calculation for Alpha Centauri? How can we use Jupiter's Lagrange points? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A show. ? Get an extra Overtime Q&A episode: https://www.patreon.com/posts/overtime-for-qa-120485354 00:00 Start 00:26 How does JWST stay in L2? 02:57 What is the 'wait calculation' for Alpha Cen? 06:49 Why don't they just ... wear weights to compensate for low gravity? 08:57 Can two telescopes act as an Earth-sized binocular? 14:25 Why so few timelapses? 16:15 Can we do anything interesting at Jupiter's Lagrange points? ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/xfS9_1li3XE ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

To look for lifer in space we need to understand it. What fundamental boundaries does it have? What limits are imposed on life? Finding out in this interview. ? Get the extra part for free here: https://www.patreon.com/universetoday ? Guest: Dr Ricard Solé https://santafe.edu/people/profile/ricard-sole ? Fundamental constraints to the logic of living systems https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsfs.2024.0010 ? More interviews: This Element Is Critical for Extraterrestrial Life. And It's Not Carbon https://youtu.be/Ppc3zzMTJTs What The Hell Is Life? And How Do We Search For It? https://youtu.be/Eaab2tkiKQ What Happens If We Find Extraterrestrial Life? https://youtu.be/2buH0GXFx8 00:00 Intro 01:26 Fundamental constraints 08:28 Information as a limiting factor 16:16 Fundamental logic of cell structure 23:25 Computer programming VS life 24:56 Limits for life 33:57 Current obsessions 38:16 Bonus part and more interviews ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/b7D2AhNTprU ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Did we already contaminate Mars with life from Earth? When will we find the first intergalactic object? How do we know dark matter is in the center of the Milky Way? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A show. ? Get an extra Overtime Q&A episode: https://patreon.com/universetoday 00:00 Start 00:26 Did we already contaminate Mars? 06:42 When will we discover a first intergalactic object? 11:19 How do we know that dark matter in at the center of the Milky Way? 14:44 Biggest night sky events of 2025? 15:57 What's the Solar System's ecliptic orientation in our galaxy? 17:57 How many laps did the Sun make around the Milky Way? 19:00 How do astronomers use JWST? 21:40 Why don't more people work with the data from telescopes? ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/SU3_svRJYUc ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

We're used to look for life on exoplanets. But what if we're looking in the wrong place? Can life exist without a planet? Finding out in this interview. ? Get the extra part for free here: https://www.patreon.com/posts/bonus-interview-120418842 ? Guest: Dr. Robin Wordsworth https://eps.harvard.edu/people/robin-wordsworth ? Self-sustaining living habitats in extraterrestrial environments https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.14477 00:00 Intro 00:59 Life on Earth 03:57 Life without a planet 27:32 Finding life with no planet 35:50 Terraforming Mars 35:50 Current obsessions 42:00 Bonus part and more interviews ? VIDEO VERSION https://youtu.be/TFQV9wZASdw ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

The Gaia mission is over, New Glenn gets to orbit, SpaceX catches SuperHeavy but loses Starship, and we finally get an explanation for little red dots. ? Ask your questions: https://www.patreon.com/posts/patrons-send-in-120156795 00:00 Intro 00:18 Gaia is over https://www.universetoday.com/170452/the-gaia-missions-science-operations-are-over/ 02:51 SpaceX Starship IFT-7 04:53 Blue Origin New Glenn NG-1 https://www.blueorigin.com/news/new-glenn-ng-1-mission v 06:54 Double Moon Launch https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/blue-ghost-lunar-lander-heads-to-the-moon/ 08:16 Flares from Sgr A https://www.universetoday.com/170444/astronomers-see-flares-coming-from-the-milky-ways-supermassive-black-hole/ 09:58 Vote results https://www.youtube.com/@frasercain/community 10:37 Explanation for the Little Red Dots https://www.universetoday.com/170430/webb-provides-an-explanation-for-little-red-dots/ 14:15 Origin of Earth's latest quasimoon https://www.universetoday.com/170427/earths-temporary-moon-might-have-come-from-the-moon/ 15:39 Observing the changing Universe https://www.universetoday.com/170412/the-webb-shows-us-where-cosmic-dust-comes-from/ 17:24 NIAC 2025 https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/stmd/niac/niac-2025-selections/ 18:17 Guide to Space newsletter 18:57 Ask your questions ? VIDEO VERSION #TODO_LINK ? GUIDE TO SPACE Newsletter No ads. Subscribe for FREE: https://universetoday.com/newsletter ? PODCASTS Universe Today: https://universetoday.fireside.fm/ Astronomy Cast: http://www.astronomycast.com/ ? CONTACT FRASER frasercain@gmail.com ?? LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)