This 2009 episode from previous hosts Katie and Sarah covers Harry Houdini, once known as the world's greatest magician. Houdini's reputation still resonates with modern fans of illusion and magic. 

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Tracy and Holly discuss WWII submarine warfare as it related to Helen Duncan?s story. Tracy also shares her experience visiting the Mütter Museum when it was hosting an exhibit titled ?Imperfecta.?

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In 1639, doctor Edward May published a 40-page text about a serpent he found in the heart of a 21-year-old man during a post-mortem examination. We don?t know exactly what it was, but there are plenty of theories.

Research:

Bush, Sargent Jr. ?Bosom Serpents before Hawthorne: The Origins of a Symbol.? American Literature , May, 1971, Vol. 43, No. 2 (May, 1971). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2924236 Church, William Selby. ?The Rise of Physiology in England: The Harveian Oration Delivered Before the Royal College of Physicians, October 18th, 1895.? Adlard. 1896. Denham, D.A. ?A most certaine and true relation of a strange monster or serpent found in the left ventricle of the heart of John Pennant, gentleman, of the age of 21 years.? Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 71, Issue 5, 1977, Page 455, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(77)90066-9 Eades, Bentley Gerald. ?The Jacobean and Caroline Stage Vol-ii.? The Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1941. Healy, Simon. ?KYNASTON, Sir Francis (1587-c.1649), of Oteley, Ellesmere, Salop; later of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, Westminster and Covent Garden, Mdx.? he History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1604-1629, ed. Andrew Thrush and John P. Ferris, 2010. https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1604-1629/member/kynaston-sir-francis-1587-1649 May, Edward. ?A most certaine and true relation of a strange monster or serpent found in the left ventricle of the heart of John Pennant, Gentleman, of the age of 21 yeares.? London : George Miller. 1639. https://archive.org/details/b3033973x Morris, Thomas. ?The man with a snake in his heart.? http://www.thomas-morris.uk/man-snake-heart/ Pender, Stephen. ?Examples and Experience: On the Uncertainty of Medicine.? The British Journal for the History of Science , Mar., 2006, Vol. 39, No. 1. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4028546 Pennant, Thomas. ?The History of the Parishes of Whiteford and Holywell.? B. and J. White. 1796. Perella, Chrissie. ?Teratology: ?Monster? as a medical term.? Historical Medical Library of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. https://histmed.collegeofphysicians.org/for-students/teratology-monster-as-a-medical-term/ Richardson, Ruth. ?Pennant's serpent.? The Lancet. Vol. 357, Issue 9260. 3/24/2001. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(05)71674-3/fulltext Ross, Alexander. ?Arcana microcosmi.? London : T. Newcomb. 1652. https://archive.org/details/b30329140/ Slights, William W.E. ?The Narrative Heart of the Renaissance.? Renaissance and Reformation / Renaissance et Réforme. Winter/Hiver 2002. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43445471 The Public Domain Review. ?A Monster in the Heart: Edward May?s A Most Certaine and True Relation (1639).? https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/heart-serpent Woolley, Benjamin. ?The herbalist : Nicholas Culpeper and the Fight for Medical Freedom.? HarperCollins, 2004.

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Helen Duncan is sometimes described as Scotland?s last witch, or the last person imprisoned for witchcraft in Britain, or the last person to be tried under the UK?s 1735 Witchcraft Act. None of those are quite accurate.

Research:

Undiscovered Scotland. ?Helen Duncan.? https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usbiography/d/helenduncan.html ?Scotland?s Last Witch.? Modern Scotland. https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/scottishhistory/modern/oddities_modern.shtml ?Britain's 'last witch': Campaign to pardon Helen Duncan.? 6/15/2012. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-18456106 Atkins, Harry. ?Helen Duncan: Britain?s Last Witch.? History Hit. 6/10/2022. https://www.historyhit.com/helen-duncan-britains-last-witch/ Brown, Laura. ?Helen Duncan.? The Scots Magazine. https://www.scotsmagazine.com/articles/series/a-z-of-great-scots-helen-duncan/ Price, Harry. ?The Cheese-Cloth Worshippers by Harry Price.? Leaves from a Psychist's Case-Book (Victor Gollancz, 1933). Meier, Allison C. ?Ectoplasm and the Last British Woman Tried for Witchcraft.? JSTOR Daily. 9/13/2018. https://daily.jstor.org/ectoplasm-and-the-last-british-woman-tried-for-witchcraft/ Team Mighty. ?A British Woman Was Convicted Under a Witchcraft Law During WWII.? The Archive. 9/7/2021. https://explorethearchive.com/helen-duncan McPherson, Hamish. ?The truth about the UK's last witch Helen Duncan.? The National. 5/8/2018. https://www.thenational.scot/news/16209915.truth-uks-last-witch-helen-duncan/ Schnuer, Jenna. "SPIRITED AWAY: After a devastating Royal Navy loss, military authorities felt duty bound to keep a careful eye on a famed Scottish mystic." World War II, vol. 34, no. 1, June 2019, pp. 64+. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A581176173/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=c973ec6a. Accessed 2 Sept. 2022. Gaskill, Malcolm. "Britain's Last Witch." History Today, vol. 51, no. 5, May 2001, p. 6. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A74483221/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=5c15ccbd. Accessed 2 Sept. 2022. Gaskill, Malcolm. "Duncan [née MacFarlane], (Victoria) Helen McCrae (1897?1956), medium." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Date of access 7 Sep. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/66217 Collins, B. Abdy. ?Spiritualism and the Law.? The Modern Law Review , July 1945, Vol. 8, No. 3 (Jul., 1945). https://www.jstor.org/stable/1090340 Old Bailey Trial Series. ?The Trial of Mrs. Duncan.? C. E. Bechhofer Roberts, General Editor. 1945. UK Parliament. ?Witchcraft.? https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/private-lives/religion/overview/witchcraft/ UK Parliament. ?Which Witch(Craft Act) Is Which?? 10/28/2020. https://archives.blog.parliament.uk/2020/10/28/which-witchcraft-act-is-which/ Vagrancy Act of 1824 https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1824/83/pdfs/ukpga_18240083_en.pdf Fraudulent Mediums Act of 1951 https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1951/33/pdfs/ukpga_19510033_en.pdf Earls, Averill and Marissa Rhodes. State Secrets: Helen Duncan?s Famous Witchcraft Trial.? Dig: A History Podcast. 7/3/2022. https://digpodcast.org/2022/07/03/cheesecloth-spiritualism-and-state-secrets-helen-duncans-famous-witchcraft-trial/

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This 2019 episode covers England?s largest and deadliest set of witch trials. They were largely influenced by one man, Matthew Hopkins, who was known as the Witchfinder General.

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Tracy and Holly talk about how racism stripped Paul Robeson of his career, and Robeson?s support of the communist Soviet Union. They also discuss whether Schrepfer may have accidentally poisoned himself.

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Johann George Schrepfer?s life story is clouded by his embellished and falsified tales of his necromancy and spiritualism. And both his followers and detractors also gave biased and incorrect accounts of their interactions with him.

Research:

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Seven Years? War". Encyclopedia Britannica, 29 Aug. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/event/Seven-Years-War Andriopoulos, Stefan. ?Kant?s Magic Lantern: Historical Epistemology and Media Archaeology.? Representations, vol. 115, no. 1, 2011, pp. 42?70. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.1525/rep.2011.115.1.42 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "necromancy". Encyclopedia Britannica, 2 May. 2011, https://www.britannica.com/topic/necromancy Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Freemasonry". Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 Aug. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Freemasonry Geffarth, Renko. ?The Masonic Necromancer: Shifting Identities In The Lives Of Johann Georg Schrepfer.? Brill. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004162570.i-326.49 Museum - Naturalienkabinett Waldenburg. "Laterna magica" last modified 2021-11-26. https://global.museum-digital.org/object/1876368 Wustmann, Gustav, "Schrepfer, Johann Georg" in: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie 32 (1891), pp. 490-491 [online version]; URL: https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd120914042 Museum - Naturalienkabinett Waldenburg. "Geisterkasten" last modified 2021-11-26. https://global.museum-digital.org/object/1876367 Rossel, Deac. ?The Magic Lantern.? Ich Sehe was, was du nicht siehst! Sehmaschinen und Bilderwelten. 2002. https://www.academia.edu/345943

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The Peekskill Riots surrounded a concert by singer and activist Paul Robeson. His stances on political and civil rights issues and his communist affiliations catalyzed protests that were fueled with an undercurrent of racism and antisemitism.

Research:

American Civil Liberties Union. ?Violence in Peekskill: A Report on the Violations of Civil Liberties at Two Paul Robeson Concerts near Peekskill, NY.? 1949. By LANSING WARREN Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES. "Paris 'Peace Congress' Assails U. S. and Atlantic Pact, Upholds Soviet: MEETING AT 'PEACE CONGRESS' IN PARIS CONGRESS IN PARIS ASSAILS U. S. POLICY." New York Times (1923-), Apr 21 1949, p. 1. ProQuest. Web. 31 Aug. 2022 . Congress, House, Committee on Un-American Activities, Investigation of the Unauthorized Use of U.S. Passports, 84th Congress, Part 3, June 12, 1956; in Thirty Years of Treason: Excerpts from Hearings Before the House Committee on Un-American Activities, 1938?1968, Eric Bentley, ed. (New York: Viking Press, 1971), 770. Courtney, Steve. ?Peekskill's days of infamy: The Robeson riots of 1949.? The Reporter Dispatch, September 5, 1982. http://www.bencourtney.com/peekskillriots/ Democracy ?VIDEO: Pete Seeger Recalls the 1949 Peekskill Riot Where He And Paul Robeson Were Attacked.? 1/31/2014. https://www.democracynow.org/2014/1/31/video_pete_seeger_recalls_the_1949 Dorinson, Joseph. ?Paul Robeson and Jackie Robinson: Athletes and Activists at Armageddon.? Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies , Winter 1999, Vol. 66, No. 1, Paul Robeson. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27774174 Horne, Field. "Peekskill riots." Encyclopedia of New York State, edited by Peter R. Eisenstadt and Laura-Eve Moss, Syracuse UP, 2005, p. 1190. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A194197875/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=25d15b16. Accessed 30 Aug. 2022. Horne, Gerald. ?Paul Robeson: The Artist as Revolutionary.? Pluto Press. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt19b9jxj.9 Hudson River Maritime Museum. ?Paul Robeson and the Peekskill Riots.? 1/18/2021. https://www.hrmm.org/history-blog/paul-robeson-and-the-peekskill-riots Huggins, Nathan Irvin. "Paul Robeson." The Nation, vol. 248, no. 11, 20 Mar. 1989, pp. 383+. Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A7424117/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=6617e02c. Accessed 30 Aug. 2022. Karp, Jonathan D. ?Performing Black-Jewish Symbiosis: The ?Hassidic Chant? of Paul Robeson.? American Jewish History, Volume 91, Number 1, March 2003. https://doi.org/10.1353/ajh.2004.0032 "Remembering Peekskill." Jacobin Magazine, 22 June 2017, p. NA. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A675159334/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=459a974b. Accessed 30 Aug. 2022. Robeson, Paul. ?The Negro people and the Soviet Union.? 1950. https://palmm.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/ucf%3A4785 Salkin, Jeffrey K. ?Inside The 1949 Westchester KKK Attack Where Rioters Chanted ?We?re Hitler?s Boys?? Forward. 8/26/2019. https://forward.com/culture/113279/peekskill-riots-1949-westchester-kkk-fascist-attack-jewish-black-attendees/ Shea, Rich. ?Paul Robeson Football Star.? Rutgers Today. 3/13/2019. https://www.rutgers.edu/news/paul-robeson-football-star Smith, Ronald A. ?The Paul Robeson?Jackie Robinson Saga and a Political Collision.? Journal of Sport History , Summer 1979, Vol. 6, No. 2 (Summer 1979). Via JSTOR. : https://www.jstor.org/stable/43608951 Walwik, Joseph. ?Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies Vol. 66, No. 1, Paul Robeson (1898-1976)?A Centennial Symposium (Winter 1999).? Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27774178

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This 2016 episode covers a skeleton found in a tree near Birmingham, England in 1943. More than 70 years later, it's still unknown who the deceased was and how the body ended up in an elm tree.

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Holly and Tracy discuss the difficult nature of Chapin's personality. They also talk about the ways that the rivalry between Pulitzer and Hearst played out, and the way one of Chapin's employees got quiet revenge. 

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Chapin's successful journalism career crumbled as stress chipped away at his mental health, and he committed a terrible crime. But there were still surprises left to his story. 

Research: 

?Of the Dynamite Explosion in Russell Sage?s Office.? The Leaf-Chronicle (Clarkeville, Tennessee). Dec. 7, 1891. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/353237459/?terms=%22russel%20sage%22&match=1 ?A Dynamite Bomb.? The Alliance Herald. Dec. 11, 1891. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/423611027/?terms=%22russel%20sage%22&match=1 ?City Slave Girls.? Saturday Evening Kansas Commoner. Aug. 24, 1888. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/382892220/?clipping_id=30641784&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjM4Mjg5MjIyMCwiaWF0IjoxNjYyNDY2MjA3LCJleHAiOjE2NjI1NTI2MDd9.eLdfDQGTjlV-7dafIRsWSWJokfMsSrhH2IM2_6e5T7M ?New York World Editor Kills Wife.? Intelligencer Journal. Sept. 17, 1918. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/557223275/?terms=%22Charles%20E.%20Chapin%22&match=1 Morris, James McGrath. ?The Rose Man of Sing Sing: A True Tale of Life, Murder, and Redemption in the Age of Yellow Journalism.? Fordham University Press. 2003. Chapin, Charles. ?Winnetka?s Horror.? Chicago Tribune. Feb. 14, 1884. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/349741239/?terms=Winnetka%27s%20Horror&match=1 ?Editor Chapin Sane.? Enid Daily Eagle. Dec. 17, 1918. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/608553349/?terms=%22Charles%20E.%20Chapin%22&match=1 ?Mrs. Macaulley?s Crime.? Chicago Tribune. Dec. 25, 1887. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/349513839/?terms=%22william%20macaulley%22&match=1 Chapin, Charles E. ?Charles Chapin's Story Written in Sing Sing Prison.? G.P. Putnam. 1920. Read online: https://books.google.com/books?id=UmZMAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s ?Russell Sage?s Will.? The Ordway New Era. August 3, 1906. https://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=ONE19060803-01.2.45&e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN%7ctxCO%7ctxTA--------0------ Snow, Richard, ?Charles Chapin.? American Heritage. December 1979. https://www.americanheritage.com/charles-chapin ?Prisoner McKeague.? Chicago Tribune. February 26, 1884. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/349741560/?terms=neal%20mckeague&match=1 Roberts, Sam. ?Archives From Prisons in New York Are Digitized.? New York Times. July 6, 2014. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/07/nyregion/new-york-prison-archives-are-digitized-by-ancestry-com.html Wingfield, Valerie. ?The General Slocum Disaster of June 15, 1904.? New York Public Library. June 13, 2011. https://www.nypl.org/blog/2011/06/13/great-slocum-disaster-june-15-1904

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Chapin built a life people envied, and had a great deal of power. His entire biography is full of noteworthy achievements and awards. As a newsman, he covered many of the key moments of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. 

Research:

?Of the Dynamite Explosion in Russell Sage?s Office.? The Leaf-Chronicle (Clarkeville, Tennessee). Dec. 7, 1891. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/353237459/?terms=%22russel%20sage%22&match=1 ?A Dynamite Bomb.? The Alliance Herald. Dec. 11, 1891. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/423611027/?terms=%22russel%20sage%22&match=1 ?City Slave Girls.? Saturday Evening Kansas Commoner. Aug. 24, 1888. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/382892220/?clipping_id=30641784&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjM4Mjg5MjIyMCwiaWF0IjoxNjYyNDY2MjA3LCJleHAiOjE2NjI1NTI2MDd9.eLdfDQGTjlV-7dafIRsWSWJokfMsSrhH2IM2_6e5T7M ?New York World Editor Kills Wife.? Intelligencer Journal. Sept. 17, 1918. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/557223275/?terms=%22Charles%20E.%20Chapin%22&match=1 Morris, James McGrath. ?The Rose Man of Sing Sing: A True Tale of Life, Murder, and Redemption in the Age of Yellow Journalism.? Fordham University Press. 2003. Chapin, Charles. ?Winnetka?s Horror.? Chicago Tribune. Feb. 14, 1884. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/349741239/?terms=Winnetka%27s%20Horror&match=1 ?Editor Chapin Sane.? Enid Daily Eagle. Dec. 17, 1918. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/608553349/?terms=%22Charles%20E.%20Chapin%22&match=1 ?Mrs. Macaulley?s Crime.? Chicago Tribune. Dec. 25, 1887. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/349513839/?terms=%22william%20macaulley%22&match=1 Chapin, Charles E. ?Charles Chapin's Story Written in Sing Sing Prison.? G.P. Putnam. 1920. Read online: https://books.google.com/books?id=UmZMAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s ?Russell Sage?s Will.? The Ordway New Era. August 3, 1906. https://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=ONE19060803-01.2.45&e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN%7ctxCO%7ctxTA--------0------ Snow, Richard, ?Charles Chapin.? American Heritage. December 1979. https://www.americanheritage.com/charles-chapin ?Prisoner McKeague.? Chicago Tribune. February 26, 1884. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/349741560/?terms=neal%20mckeague&match=1 Roberts, Sam. ?Archives From Prisons in New York Are Digitized.? New York Times. July 6, 2014. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/07/nyregion/new-york-prison-archives-are-digitized-by-ancestry-com.html Wingfield, Valerie. ?The General Slocum Disaster of June 15, 1904.? New York Public Library. June 13, 2011. https://www.nypl.org/blog/2011/06/13/great-slocum-disaster-june-15-1904

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This 2019 episode covers the burning of the P.S. General Slocum in the East River in New York on June 15, 1904. It had been chartered for a group outing that suddenly became a deadly maritime disaster.

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Tracy and Holly talk about hunting for sources for Eugene Jacques Bullard's story, and his unpublished memoir. They also talk about wanting to return to Paris knowing Bullard's story. 

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After World War I ended, Eugene Jacques Bullard returned to Paris. He worked as a jazz drummer and nightclub owner, and as the tensions that led to World War II loomed, as an intelligence agent for France. 

Research:

"Bullard, Eugene." Encyclopedia of World Biography, edited by Lisa Kumar, 2nd ed., vol. 37, Gale, 2017, pp. 62-64. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3656400039/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=1958ab1b. Accessed 24 Aug. 2022. Redmon, Jeremy. ?The Vanishing Stories of the Bullard Brothers.? Bitter Southerner. https://bittersoutherner.com/the-vanishing-stories-of-the-bullard-brothers Svoboda, Frederic J. "Who was that black man?: a note on Eugene Bullard and 'The Sun Also Rises.'." The Hemingway Review, vol. 17, no. 2, spring 1998, pp. 105+. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A20653062/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=c34545bb. Accessed 24 Aug. 2022. Hewitt, Nicholas. "Black Montmartre: American jazz and music hall in Paris in the interwar years." Journal of Romance Studies, vol. 5, no. 3, winter 2005, pp. 25+. Gale Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A166694624/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=3157a090. Accessed 24 Aug. 2022. Pisano, Dominick. ?Eugene J. Bullard.? National Air and Space Museum. https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/eugene-j-bullard Mandt, Brenda. ?Eugene Bullard, the First African American Fighter Pilot and Veteran of Two World Wars.? Museum of Flight. 1/18/2021. https://blog.museumofflight.org/eugene-bullard-the-first-african-american-fighter-pilot-and-veteran-of-two-world-wars Brosnahan, Cori. ?The Two Lives of Eugene Bullard.? PBS American Experience. 4/3/2017. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/great-war-two-lives-eugene-bullard/ Lloyd, Craig. "Eugene Bullard." New Georgia Encyclopedia, 19 November 2002, https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/eugene-bullard-1895-1961/. National WWII Museum. ?Eugene Bullard: Hero of Two World Wars.? 2/4/2021. Via YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIKDvou2fq0 Lloyd, Craig. ?Eugene Bullard: Black Expatriate in Jazz-age Paris.? University of Georgia Press. 2006. Keith, Phil and Tom Clavin. ?All Blood Runs Red: The Legendary Life of Eugene Bullard ? Boxer, Pilot, Soldier, Spy.? Hanover Square Press, 2019. Asukile, Thabiti. ?J.A. Rogers' ?Jazz at Home?: Afro-American Jazz in Paris During the Jazz Age.? The Black Scholar , FALL 2010, Vol. 40, No. 3. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41163931

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Bullard is often described as the first Black American fighter pilot ? which is true ? but he also had a full and fascinating life beyond that. This episode covers his travels before WWI and his military career. 

Research:

"Bullard, Eugene." Encyclopedia of World Biography, edited by Lisa Kumar, 2nd ed., vol. 37, Gale, 2017, pp. 62-64. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3656400039/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=1958ab1b. Accessed 24 Aug. 2022. Redmon, Jeremy. ?The Vanishing Stories of the Bullard Brothers.? Bitter Southerner. https://bittersoutherner.com/the-vanishing-stories-of-the-bullard-brothers Svoboda, Frederic J. "Who was that black man?: a note on Eugene Bullard and 'The Sun Also Rises.'." The Hemingway Review, vol. 17, no. 2, spring 1998, pp. 105+. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A20653062/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=c34545bb. Accessed 24 Aug. 2022. Hewitt, Nicholas. "Black Montmartre: American jazz and music hall in Paris in the interwar years." Journal of Romance Studies, vol. 5, no. 3, winter 2005, pp. 25+. Gale Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A166694624/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=3157a090. Accessed 24 Aug. 2022. Pisano, Dominick. ?Eugene J. Bullard.? National Air and Space Museum. https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/eugene-j-bullard Mandt, Brenda. ?Eugene Bullard, the First African American Fighter Pilot and Veteran of Two World Wars.? Museum of Flight. 1/18/2021. https://blog.museumofflight.org/eugene-bullard-the-first-african-american-fighter-pilot-and-veteran-of-two-world-wars Brosnahan, Cori. ?The Two Lives of Eugene Bullard.? PBS American Experience. 4/3/2017. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/great-war-two-lives-eugene-bullard/ Lloyd, Craig. "Eugene Bullard." New Georgia Encyclopedia, 19 November 2002, https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/eugene-bullard-1895-1961/. National WWII Museum. ?Eugene Bullard: Hero of Two World Wars.? 2/4/2021. Via YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIKDvou2fq0 Lloyd, Craig. ?Eugene Bullard: Black Expatriate in Jazz-age Paris.? University of Georgia Press. 2006. Keith, Phil and Tom Clavin. ?All Blood Runs Red: The Legendary Life of Eugene Bullard ? Boxer, Pilot, Soldier, Spy.? Hanover Square Press, 2019. Asukile, Thabiti. ?J.A. Rogers' ?Jazz at Home?: Afro-American Jazz in Paris During the Jazz Age.? The Black Scholar , FALL 2010, Vol. 40, No. 3. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41163931

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This 2012 episode from previous hosts Sarah and Deblina discusses how during Jack Johnson's time, the heavyweight championship was unofficially a whites-only title. Despite discrimination, Johnson became the first black heavyweight champion, but some questioned his legitimacy.

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Holly and Tracy talk about the gossip surrounding two of Livinia Fontana Zappi's paintings. They also discuss the degree to which people ignored Imogene Rechtin's actual messaging about kissing when criticizing her campaign. 

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In the early 1900s, Imogene Rechtin started a crusade to get people to stop kissing socially as a way to stop disease spread. Her argument was sound, but she was largely dismissed as being uptight.

Research:

?Health Society Bars Kisses.? The Taney Country Republican (Forsyth, Missouri). June 15, 1911. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/859865029/?terms=Imogene%20Rechtin&match=1 ?World?s Health Organization Waging War Against Kissing.? The Evening-Times Star and Almeda Daily Argus.? Feb 23, 1911. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/607117745/?terms=Imogene%20Rechtin&match=1 ?An Assault on Kissing.? The Washington Post. Nov. 22, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/28961790/?terms=%22kiss%22&match=1 ?Declares Kiss Must Go.? Herald and Review. Decatur, Illinois. Nov. 27, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/92535138/?terms=%22Declares%20Kiss%20Must%20Go%22&match=1 ?Woman Doctor Says Kissing In Unseemly.? The Washington Times. Nov. 22, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/80711073/?terms=%22kissing%20unseemly%22&match=1 Patterson, Ethel Lloyd. ?Kiss is Under Ban of ?Brains? in Quaker City.? Oakland Tribune. Nov. 30, 1908. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/76453147/?terms=%22Kiss%20is%20Under%20Ban%20of%20%27Brains%27%20in%20Quaker%20City%22&match=1 ?Fight Against Kissing.? The News (Frederick Maryland). June 17, 1910. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/18372050/?terms=%22Fight%20Against%20Kissing%22&match=1 ?To Kiss or Not to Kiss.? The San Francisco Call. July 31, 1910. Accessed through the National Endowment for the Humanities. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1910-07-31/ed-1/seq-16/ ?Antikisser? Pshaw!? The Washington Post. June 29, 1910. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/31555929/ ?MORTALITY STATISTICS:1910.? Department of Commerce and Labor Bureau of the Census.? 1912. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsushistorical/mortstatbl_1910.pdf Dublin, Louis I. and Jessamine Whitney. ?On the Costs of Tuberculosis.? Quarterly Publications of the American Statistical Association , Dec., 1920, Vol. 17, No. 132 (Dec., 1920), pp. 441-450. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2965239.pdf ?Cincinnati Woman in Fight Against Kissing.? The Tribune. Aug. 10 1910. https://www.newspapers.com/image/legacy/157436476/?terms=%22Fight%20Against%20Kissing%22&match=1 Last, John. ?The Woman Who Fought to End the ?Pernicious? Scourge of Kissing.? Smithsonian. May 31, 2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-woman-who-campaigned-against-the-pernicious-scourge-of-kissing-180980141/ Tesh, Sylvia. ?POLITICAL IDEOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.? International Journal of Health Services, vol. 12, no. 2, 1982, pp. 321?42. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/45130380 Baldwin, Peter C. ?Dangers that Lurk in a Kiss: Quarantining the American Mouth, 1890?1920.?  Journal of Social History. Volume 55, Issue 3, Spring 2022, Pages 647?667. https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shab014

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Lavinia Fontana was taught painting by her father, and became one of the earliest examples of a woman with an independent career in art that supported her family. She became very well-known for her portraits and her devotional art. 

Research:

Bohn, Babette. ?Women Artists, Their Patrons, and Their Publics in Early Modern Bologna.? Pennsylvania State University Press. 2021. Villa, Angelica. ?National Gallery of Victoria Acquires Lavinia Fontana Painting to Address ?Gender Imbalance.?? ARTnews. Feb. 8, 2022. https://www.artnews.com/art-news/market/national-gallery-of-victoria-lavinia-fontana-acquisition-1234618453/ National Gallery of Ireland. ?Part 1: Introducing the Lavinia Fontana Conservation and Research Project.? Aug. 22, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_N0nv40TzEk National Gallery of Ireland. ?Conservation treatment of Lavinia Fontana's painting.? https://www.nationalgallery.ie/explore-and-learn/conservation-and-research-projects/lavinia-fontana-conservation-and-research-0 Casoni, Felice Antonio. ?Medal.? The British Museum. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_G3-IP-370 Lupi, Livia. ?This Day in History: August 11.? Italian Art Society. August 11, 2016. https://www.italianartsociety.org/2016/08/lavinia-fontana-died-on-11-august-1614-in-rome/ Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Lavinia Fontana". Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 Aug. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lavinia-Fontana Sanchez, Francisco Del Rio. ?Where did the Queen of Sheba rule?Arabia or Africa?? National Geographic. June 7, 2021. https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/history-and-civilisation/2021/06/where-did-the-queen-of-sheba-rule-arabia-or-africa McIver, Katherine A. ?Renaissance Women Painting Themselves.? Art Herstory. June 8, 2019. https://artherstory.net/self-portraits-by-renaissance-women-artists/ Murphy, Caroline P. ?Lavinia Fontana and ?Le Dame Della Città?: Understanding Female Artistic Patronage in Late Sixteenth-Century Bologna.? Renaissance Studies, vol. 10, no. 2, 1996, pp. 190?208. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/24412268 ?Mannerism.? National Gallery of Art. https://www.nga.gov/features/slideshows/mannerism.html

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This 2011 episode from prior hosts Sarah and Deblina covers polio, a threat in the early 20th century that often left victims paralyzed or dead. Vaccines caused an immediate drop in polio cases and today have nearly eradicated the disease. 

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Tracy and Holly talk about school science fairs and their performance in them. They then discuss the interesting aspect of Field of Cloth of Gold preparations that put people from England and France side by side as they worked.

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The Field of Cloth of Gold was a summit and celebration that was held to start what was hoped to be a long-term alliance between France and England. And it required a lot of fancy footwork to keep two monarchs appeased. 

Research:

Richardson, Glenn. ?The Field of Cloth of Gold.? Yale University Press. 2020. ?Henry VIII?s foot combat armour.? Royal Armouries. https://royalarmouries.org/stories/object-of-the-month/object-of-the-month-for-april-henry-viiis-foot-combat-armour/ Solly, Meilan. ?When Henry VIII and Francis I Spent $19 Million on an 18-Day Party.? Smithsonian. June 23, 2020. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/five-hundred-years-ago-henry-viii-and-francis-i-spent-19-million-18-day-party-180975116/ ?The Field of Cloth of Gold.? Historic Royal Palaces. https://www.hrp.org.uk/hampton-court-palace/history-and-stories/the-field-of-cloth-of-gold/#gs.9xj1t7 Lay, Paul. ?Wolsey?s Own Accord.? History Today. Volume 68, Issue 10. October 2018. https://www.historytoday.com/archive/editor/wolsey%E2%80%99s-own-accord Watts, Karen. ?Tournaments at the Court of King Henry VIII.? From ?Henry VIII in Twenty-First Century Popular Culture.? Lexington Books. 2017.

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The development of penicillin started ? but definitely did not end ? with the chance discovery of some mold in a petri dish. There is so much more to the story.

Research:

Bernard, Diane. ?How a miracle drug changed the fight against infection during World War II.? Washington Post. 7/11/2020. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2020/07/11/penicillin-coronavirus-florey-wwii-infection/ British Library. ?Inventor(s) of the month, Alexander Fleming and the story of Penicillin.? 7/28/2021. https://blogs.bl.uk/business/2021/07/inventors-of-the-month-alexander-fleming.html Chain, E. et al. ?Penicillin as a Chemotherapeutic Agent.? The Lancet. Vol. 236, Issue 6104. 8/24/1940. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)08728-1 Fleming A. On the Antibacterial Action of Cultures of a Penicillium, with Special Reference to their Use in the Isolation of B. influenzæ. Br J Exp Pathol. 1929 Jun;10(3):226?36. PMCID: PMC2048009. Gaynes, Robert. ?The Discovery of Penicillin?New Insights After More Than 75 Years of Clinical Use.? Emerg Infect Dis. 2017 May; 23(5): 849?853.. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5403050/ Lee, Victoria. ?Microbial Transformations.? Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences, SEPTEMBER 2018, Vol. 48, No. 4. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26507225 National Museums of Scotland. ?Culture Vessel.? https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/stories/science-and-technology/culture-vessel/ Quinn, Roswell. ?Rethinking Antibiotic Research and Development: World War II and the Penicillin Collaborative.? American Journal of Public Health | March 2013, Vol 103, No. 3. Scibilia, Anthony Julius. ?Being Prometheus in 1943:: Bringing Penicillin to the Working Man.? Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies , Vol. 80, No. 3 (Summer 2013). https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/pennhistory.80.3.0442 Science History. ?Alexander Fleming.? 12/5/2017. https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/alexander-fleming Science Museum. ?How Was Penicillin Developed?? 2/23/2021. https://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/how-was-penicillin-developed Shama, Gilbert. ??Déjà Vu? ? The Recycling of Penicillin in Post-liberation Paris.? Pharmacy in History , 2013, Vol. 55, No. 1 (2013). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23645718 The Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum, London, UK. ?The Discovery and Development of Penicillin 1928-1945.? 11/19/1999. https://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/flemingpenicillin/the-discovery-and-development-of-penicillin-commemorative-booklet.pdf Wainwright, Milton. ?Moulds in Folk Medicine.? Folklore , 1989, Vol. 100, No. 2 (1989). https://www.jstor.org/stable/1260294 Wainwright, Milton. ?The History of the Therapeutic Use of Crude Penicillin.? Medical History, 1987, 31: 41-50. Williams KJ. The introduction of 'chemotherapy' using arsphenamine - the first magic bullet. J R Soc Med. 2009 Aug;102(8):343-8. doi: 10.1258/jrsm.2009.09k036. PMID: 19679737; PMCID: PMC2726818. Wood, Jonathan. ?Penicillin: The Oxford Story.? Oxford News Blog. 7/16/2010. https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/science-blog/penicillin-oxford-story Zaffiri, Lorenzo et al. ?History of Antibiotics. From Salvarsan to Cephalosporins.? Journal of Investigative Surgery, 25, 67?77, 2012.

 

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The subject of this 2018 episode is sometimes called a 19th-century Rosa Parks. When Elizabeth boarded a Manhattan streetcar in 1854, a chain of events began which became an important to the civil rights of New York's Black citizens.

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Holly speculates about how one article about Josephine Cochrane got so many details wrong. Tracy then talks about the details of Canada's currency featuring Viola Desmond. 

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Desmond was convicted after refusing to leave her seat in a segregated movie theater in Nova Scotia in 1946. But she also established the first beauty salon for Black women her area, and founded a beauty school for Black women.  

Research: 

Bingham, Russell. "Viola Desmond". The Canadian Encyclopedia, 16 April 2021, Historica Canada. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/viola-desmond. Accessed 09 August 2022. Bishop, Henry V. ?Viola (Davis) Desmond (b. 1914 ? d. 1965): Stand For Justice.? Nova Scotia Archives. https://archives.novascotia.ca/desmond/background/ Canadian Museum for Human Rights. ?One woman?s resistance: Viola Desmond's Story.? https://humanrights.ca/story/one-womans-resistance Flynn, Karen. ?Remembering Viola Desmond.? Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective. 11/2021. https://origins.osu.edu/milestones/remembering-viola-desmond?language_content_entity=en "Fred Christie Case (Christie v York)". The Canadian Encyclopedia, 06 June 2020, Historica Canada. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fred-christie-case. Accessed 12 August 2022. Henry, Natasha. "Racial Segregation of Black People in Canada". The Canadian Encyclopedia, 08 September 2021, Historica Canada. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/racial-segregation-of-black-people-in-canada. Accessed 10 August 2022. Parks Canada. ?Viola Desmond National Historic Person (1914-1965).? https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/culture/clmhc-hsmbc/res/information-backgrounder/Viola_Desmond Reynolds, Graham and Wanda Robson. ?Viola Desmond: Her Life and Times.? Roseway Publishing. 2018. Robson, Wanda. ?Sister to courage : stories from the world of Viola Desmond, Canada's Rosa Parks.? Wreck Cove, N.S. : Breton Books. 2010. The Halifax Chronicle. ?Dismisses Desmond Application.? 5/19/1947. page 14. Via Nova Scotia Archives. https://archives.novascotia.ca/desmond/archives/?ID=28 "Viola Desmond." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, Gale, 2022. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631009722/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=1380ef8c. Accessed 8 Aug. 2022. Walker, Barrington. ?The African Canadian Legal Odyssey: Historical Essays.? Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 2012.

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There is one woman in particular who normally gets the credit for inventing the dish washer. But there were other inventors trying to come up with ways to automatically take care of kitchen clean up both before and after Josephine Cochran.

Research:

Bellis, Mary. "Josephine Cochran and the Invention of the Dishwasher." ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/josephine-cochran-dishwasher-4071171. Houghton, Joel. ?IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINES FOR WASHING TABLE FURNITURE.? United States Patent Office. May 14, 1850. https://todayinsci.com/Events/Patent/DishwashingMachine7365.htm Cochran, J.G. ?Dish Washing Machine.? U.S. Patent Office. Dec. 28, 1886. https://patents.google.com/patent/US355139 Fenster, Julie M. ?The Woman Who Invented the Dish Washer.? Invention & Technology. Fall 1999. Volume 15, Issue 2. https://www.inventionandtech.com/content/woman-who-invented-dishwasher-1 ?Restoring History: Family Purchases Home of Dishwasher Inventor Josephine Cochrane and Pledges to Return it to its Former Glory.? Whirlpool. July 30, 2020. https://www.whirlpoolcorp.com/restoring-history-dishwasher-inventor-josephine-cochrane/ Eschner, Kat. ?This Time-Saving Patent Paved the Way for the Modern Dishwasher.? Smithsonian. Dec. 28, 2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/time-saving-patent-paved-way-modern-dishwasher-180967656/ Ram, Jocelyn, et al. ?I?ll Do It Myself.? United States Patent and Trademark Office. https://www.uspto.gov/learning-and-resources/journeys-innovation/historical-stories/ill-do-it-myself ?Josephine Garis Cochran.? National Inventors Hall of Fame. 2006. https://www.invent.org/inductees/josephine-garis-cochran Smyser, Sue. ?Woman?s Quest to Save Good China Leads to Invention of Dishwasher.? Journal Gazette (Mattoon, Illinois). March 13, 2002. https://www.newspapers.com/image/84706698/?terms=Garis-Cochran&match=1 ?Mrs. Cochran, Who Has Won Success as an Inventor.? The Dispatch (Moline, Illinois). Nov. 16, 1895. https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=55415779&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjMzODYyNTg5OCwiaWF0IjoxNjU5OTY3OTUzLCJleHAiOjE2NjAwNTQzNTN9.a3m-ZQ4f6PFlFUG8ibS-p2qBxNpg0C9Z2gEwg1t5lOU

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This 2014 episode covers why when the Great London Smog descended in December of 1952, nobody initially realized anything unusual was going on. At its largest, it extended 30 kilometers around London, and it killed thousands of people. 

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Tracy and Holly discuss resources for learning more about the Lumbee and the unique nature of North Carolina's outdoor historical dramas. Additionally, they discuss lead, cartoonist Roz Chast, and Midgley's death.

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Midgley was a deeply respected researcher and chemist who received multiple awards. He also developed both leaded gas and freon, two substances banned around the world now because they are very bad for the environment and public health.

Research:

Bellis, Mary. "The History of Freon." ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/history-of-freon-4072212. Blakemore, Erin. ?The Ozone Hole Was Super Scary, So What Happened To It?? Smithsonian. 1/13/2016. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/ozone-hole-was-super-scary-what-happened-it-180957775/ Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "tetraethyl lead". Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 Dec. 2018, https://www.britannica.com/science/tetraethyl-lead. Accessed 3 August 2022. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Thomas Midgley, Jr.". Encyclopedia Britannica, 14 May. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Midgley-Jr. Accessed 3 August 2022. Dayton Herald. ?Midgey?s Death Termed Suicide.? P. 28. 11/10/1944. Giunta, Carmen J. ?Thomas Midgley Jr. and the Inventions of Chlorofluorocarbon Refrigerants: It Ain?t Necessarily So.? Bull. Hist. Chem., VOLUME 31, Number 2 (2006). http://acshist.scs.illinois.edu/bulletin_open_access/v31-2/v31-2%20p66-74.pdf Kettering, Charles F. ?Thomas Midgley, Jr: 1889-1944.? National Academy of Sciences Annual Meeting, 1947. http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/midgley-thomas.pdf Kovarik, Bill. ?Ethyl leaded gasoline: How a Classic Occupational Disease Became an International Public Health Disaster. INT J OCCUP ENVIRON HEALTH 2005;11:384?397. VOL 11/NO 4, OCT/DEC 2005. https://environmentalhistory.org/about/ethyl-leaded-gasoline/ NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. ?History of the Ozone Hole.? https://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/facts/history_SH.html ?Novel Method of Removing Metal from An Eye.? Ind. Eng. Chem. 1919, 11, 9, 892?895 Publication Date. September 1, 1919 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50117a017 Press release. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2022. Thu. 4 Aug 2022. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1995/press-release/ Seyferth, Dietmar. ?The Rise and Fall of Tetraethyllead. 1.? Organometallics, Vol. 22, No. 12, 2003. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/om030245v Seyferth, Dietmar. ?The Rise and Fall of Tetraethyllead. 2.? Organometallics Organometallics, Vol. 22, No. 25, 2003. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/om030621b U.S. Department of Energy. ?Fact #841: October 6, 2014 Vehicles per Thousand People: U.S. vs. Other World Regions.? https://www.energy.gov/eere/vehicles/fact-841-october-6-2014-vehicles-thousand-people-us-vs-other-world-regions

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The Lowry Gang fought back against Confederate authorities during the U.S. Civil War and during Reconstruction they came to be viewed as either Robin Hood-esque folk heroes or as dangerous murderers and thieves, depending on who you were asking.

Research:

Leland, Elizabeth. ?Coming Home to the Land of the Lumbee.? Our State. 9/6/2017. https://www.ourstate.com/lumbee-american-indians/ Currie, Jefferson. ?Henry Berry Lowry.? Tar Heel Junior Historian, Spring 2000. https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/lowry-henry ?Proclamation of Outlawry for Henry Berry Lowry and his band of robbers.? https://www.ncpedia.org/printpdf/13809 North Carolina Museum of History. ?Community Class Series: Henry Berry Lowrie, Lumbee Legend.? With Nancy Strickland Fields, Museum of the Southeast American Indian; Dr. Lawrence T. Locklear, University of North Carolina at Pembroke; and Dr. Malinda Maynor Lowery, Emory University. Via YouTube. Sep 23, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUALvny7DZ4 Lowery, Malinda Maynor. ?Lumbee Indians in the Jim Crow South: Race, Identity and the Making of a Nation.? University of North Carolina Press. 2010.  Oakley, Christopher Arris. ?The Legend of Henry Berry Lowry: Strike at the Wind and the Lumbee Indians of North Carolina.? The Mississippi Quarterly , Vol. 60, No. 1, Special issue on American Indian Literatures and Cultures in the South (Winter 2006-07). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26467042 Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina. ?History and Culture.? 2017. https://www.lumbeetribe.com/history-and-culture. Lowery, Malinda Maynor. ?The Lumbee Indians: An American Struggle.? University of North Carolina Press. 2018. Kays, Holly. ?Cherokee chief testifies against Lumbee recognition.? Smoky Mountain News. 1/7/2020. https://smokymountainnews.com/archives/item/28263-cherokee-chief-testifies-against-lumbee-recognition# Townsend, George Alfred. ?The Swamp outlaws, or, The North Carolina bandits : being a complete history of the modern Rob Roys and Robin Hoods.? New-York : Robert M. DeWitt. 1872. ?TESTIMONY OF PRINCIPAL CHIEF RICHARD SNEED EASTERN BAND OF CHEROKEE INDIANS.? https://www.congress.gov/116/meeting/house/110282/witnesses/HHRG-116-II24-Wstate-SneedR-20191204.pdf Harper?s Weekly. ?The North Carolina Bandits.? March 30, 1872. McElroy, Jenny. ?The Lowry War.? NCPedia. 3/1/2008.  https://www.ncpedia.org/history/cw-1900/lowry-war

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This 2019 episode covers a trailblazer in science and medicine. Hamilton dedicated her life to improving the workplace standards for laborers in an effort to reduce illnesses that came from working with toxic chemicals.

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Holly and Tracy discuss the ways they encountered butterflies in their childhoods and how people can help conservation efforts at home. They also talk through some of the stories of Weegee's life that didn't make it into the episode. 

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Weegee is often cited as having been an influence on artists like Diane Arbus and Andy Warhol. He also influenced the world in how New York was viewed, because of his stark, black and white photos of the city.

Research: 

Smith, Roberta. ?He Made Blood and Guts Familiar and Fabulous.? New York Times. Jan. 19, 2012. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/20/arts/design/weegee-at-international-center-of-photography-review.html Cotter, Holland. ?'Unknown Weegee,' on Photographer Who Made the Night Noir.? New York Times. June 9, 2006. ?Weegee.? Jewish Virtual Library. https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/weegee Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Weegee". Encyclopedia Britannica, 8 Jun. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Weegee Vermare, Pauline. ?New York City, by Weegee the Famous.? Magnum Photos. Feb. 10, 2020. https://www.magnumphotos.com/arts-culture/society-arts-culture/new-york-city-by-weegee-the-famous/ Mallon, Thomas. ?Weegee the Famous, the Voyeur and Exhibitionist.? The New Yorker. May 21, 2018. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/05/28/weegee-the-famous-the-voyeur-and-exhibitionist Weegee. ?Weegee: The Autobiography (Annotated).? The Devault-Graves Agency. 2016. Bonanos, Christopher. ?Flash: The Making of Weegee the Famous.? Henry Holt and Company. 2018. Weegee. ?Naked City.? Da Capo Press. 2002. Kilston, Lyra. ?Weegee's Naked Hollywood.? Time. Nov. 28, 2011.  https://time.com/3783214/weegees-naked-hollywood-at-moca/

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Monarch butterflies are still in the middle of their story ? and it?s one that is precarious. Humans are still trying to figure out a lot about them, and aspects of the monarch story have been misrepresented over the years.

Research:

Monarch Joint Venture: https://monarchjointventure.org/ ?Monarch Butterfly.? The National Wildlife Federation. https://www.nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Invertebrates/Monarch-Butterfly Sutherland, Douglas W.S. and Jean Adams, ed. ?The Monarch Butterfly ? Our National Insect.? Part of ?Insect Potpourri: Adventures in Entomology.? CRC Press. 1992. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Danaus". Encyclopedia Britannica, 15 Feb. 2018, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Danaus-Greek-mythology Kathleen S. Murphy. ?Collecting Slave Traders: James Petiver, Natural History, and the British Slave Trade.? The William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 70, no. 4, 2013, pp. 637?70. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.5309/willmaryquar.70.4.0637 Müller-Wille, Staffan. "Carolus Linnaeus". Encyclopedia Britannica, 19 May. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Carolus-Linnaeus Stearns, Raymond Phineas. ?James Petiver: Promoter of Natural Science, c.1663-1718.? American Antiquarian Society. October 1952. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44807240.pdf ?Mark Catesby (1683 ? 1749).? Catesby Commemorative Trust. 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20130906122250/http://www.catesbytrust.org/mark-catesby/ Smith-Rogers, Sheryl. ?Maiden of the Monarchs.? TEXAS PARKS & WILDLIFE. March 2016. https://monarchjointventure.org/images/uploads/documents/legacy_monarch_catalina_trail_article.pdf Scott, Alec. ?Where do you go, my lovelies?? University of Toronto Magazine. Aug. 24, 2015. https://magazine.utoronto.ca/campus/history/where-do-you-go-my-lovelies-norah-and-fred-urquhart-monarch-butterfly-migration/ Hannibal, Mary Ellen. ?How you can help save the monarch butterfly -- and the planet.? TEDTalk. April 28, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvJTbegktKc Jarvis CE, Oswald PH. The collecting activities of James Cuninghame FRS on the voyage of Tuscan to China (Amoy) between 1697 and 1699. Notes Rec R Soc Lond. 2015 Jun 20;69(2):135?53. doi: 10.1098/rsnr.2014.0043. ?The US Endangered Species Act.? World Wildlife Federation. https://www.worldwildlife.org/pages/the-us-endangered-species-act#:~:text=Passed%20with%20bipartisan%20support%20in,a%20species%20should%20be%20protected. Associated Press. ?Beloved monarch butterflies are now listed as endangered.? WBEZ Chicago. July 23, 2022. https://www.wbez.org/stories/beloved-monarch-butterflies-are-now-listed-as-endangered/0f3cf69b-8376-42eb-af0a-9e8b8b4ab6b3 Garland, Mark S., and Andrew K. Davis. ?An Examination of Monarch Butterfly (Danaus Plexippus) Autumn Migration in Coastal Virginia.? The American Midland Naturalist, vol. 147, no. 1, 2002, pp. 170?74. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3083045 ?Natural History ? Monarch Butterfly.? Center for Biological Diversity. https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/invertebrates/monarch_butterfly/natural_history.html Catesby, Mark. ?A Monarch butterfly, with orchids.? C. 1722-6. Royal Collection Trust. https://www.rct.uk/collection/926050/a-monarch-butterfly-with-orchids Daly, Natasha. ?Monarch butterflies are now an endangered species.? July 21, 2022. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/monarch-butterflies-are-now-an-endangered-species Walker, A., Oberhauser, K.S., Pelton, E.M., Pleasants, J.M. & Thogmartin, W.E. 2022. Danaus plexippus ssp. plexippus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T194052138A200522253. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T194052138A200522253.en Price, Michael. ?Monarch miscalculation: Has a scientific error about the butterflies persisted for more than 40 years?? Science. Feb. 24, 2007. https://www.science.org/content/article/monarch-miscalculation-has-scientific-error-about-butterflies-persisted-more-40-years Jiang, Kevin. ?Study sheds light on evolutionary origins and the genes central to migration.? UChicago News. Oct. 6, 2014. https://news.uchicago.edu/story/genetic-secrets-monarch-butterfly-revealed Borkin, Susan Sullivan. ?Notes on Shifting Distribution Patterns and Survival of Immature Danaus Plexippus (Lepidoptera: Danaidae) on the Food Plant Asclepias Syriaca.? The Great Lakes Entymologist. Vol. 15, No. 3. Fall 1982. https://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1437&context=tgle Cudmore, Rebecca. ?SNAPSHOT: Monarchs with big, bright wings arrive in Mexico first.? ScienceLine. June 16, 2014. https://scienceline.org/2014/06/monarch-migration/ Brower, Lincoln P. ?UNDERSTANDING AND MISUNDERSTANDING THE MIGRAnON OF THE MONARCH BUTTERFLY (NYMPHALIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA: 1857-1995.? Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society. Vol. 49, No. 4, 1995. https://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/pollinators/Monarch_Butterfly/documents/Understanding_Monarch_Migration1995-Brower.pdf

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This 2018 episode covers an artist and architect from 16th-century Italy. But what really made him famous was his writing. He penned biographies of famous artists, but he wasn't very exacting about the details.

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Holly and Tracy talk about the gossipy nature of press coverage about men like Rudolph Diesel. The gap between Ibn Khald?n's life and the time when analysis of his work really began is also discussed. 

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Ibn Khald?n was a Muslim writer who covered history, economics and sociology. He lived during a time of chaos and strife, and his life was mired in the political drama and intrigue of the day.

Research: 

Alatas, Syed Farid. ?Ibn Khaldun.? Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies. Oxford University Press. 2012. Albertini, Tamara. ?Special Issue: Politics, Nature and Society ? The Actuality of North African Philosopher Ibn Khald?n.? Philosophy East & West Volume 69, Number 3 July 2019. Al-Jubouri, Imadaldin. ?Ibn Khaldun and the Philosophy of History.? Philosophy Now. 2005. https://philosophynow.org/issues/50/Ibn_Khaldun_and_the_Philosophy_of_History Gearon, Eamonm. ?Turning Points in Middle Eastern History.? The Teaching Company, 2016. "Ibn Khaldun Pioneers the Sociological View of History." Global Events: Milestone Events Throughout History, edited by Jennifer Stock, vol. 5: Middle East, Gale, 2014, pp. 239-243. Gale In Context: Global Issues, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3728000758/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=cf4f6560. Accessed 20 July 2022. "Ibn Khald?n." Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 7, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008, pp. 320-323. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX2830902289/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=c1137955. Accessed 20 July 2022. International Horizons with John Torpey. ?Ibn Khaldun?s the Muqadimah: The Best Book You?ve Never Read.? With Aziz Al-Azmeh. Podcast. 10/20/2021. https://ralphbuncheinstitute.org/2021/12/20/ibn-khalduns-the-muqadimah-the-best-book-youve-never-read/ Irwin, Robert. ?Ibn Kaldun: An Intellectual Biography.? Princeton University Press. 2018. Issawi, Charles. "Ibn Khald?n". Encyclopedia Britannica, 24 May. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ibn-Khaldun. Accessed 20 July 2022.

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We have enough pieces of the story of Rudolf Diesel?s life that remain consistent that we can fairly confidently construct his biography. But the way his life ended will forever be a mystery. 

Research:

Harford, Tim. ?How Rudolf Diesel's engine changed the world.? BBC. Dec. 19, 2016. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-38302874 ?Rudolf Diesel and his invention.? Mercedes-Benz. Feb 21, 2011. https://group-media.mercedes-benz.com/marsMediaSite/en/instance/ko.xhtml?oid=9361302 Bryant, Lynwood. ?The Development of the Diesel Engine.? Technology and Culture, vol. 17, no. 3, 1976, pp. 432?46. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3103523 ?Dr. Rudolf Diesel Dead, It Is Feared.? The San Francisco Examiner. Oct. 1, 1913. https://www.newspapers.com/image/460520428/?terms=%22rudolf%20diesel%22&match=1 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Rudolf Diesel". Encyclopedia Britannica, 14 Mar. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rudolf-Diesel ?Dr. Diesel Vanishes From a Steamship.? New York Times. Oct. 1, 1913. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/10/01/100408236.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 ?No Light on Diesel?s Fate.? New York Times. October 3, 1913. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/10/03/100650746.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 ?Diesel Family in Straits.? New York Times. Oct. 13, 1913. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/10/13/104913506.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 ?The Tragedy of Genius.? Holyrood Banner. Jan. 8, 1914. https://www.newspapers.com/image/485723537/?terms=%22rudolf%20diesel%22&match=1 ?Diesel Was Bankrupt.? New York Times. Oct. 15, 1913. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/10/15/100651861.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 ?No Ray of Light in Diesel Mystery.? New York Times. Oct. 2, 1913. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/10/02/100408778.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 ?Reports Dr. Diesel Living in Canada.? New York Times. March 16, 1914. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/03/16/100084107.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 Lewis, Danny. ?When the Inventor of the Diesel Engine Disappeared.? Smithsonian. Sept 29, 2016. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/when-inventor-diesel-engine-disappeared-180960635/#dzfOXtDDTgWXFGi4.99

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This 2011 episode from previous hosts Sarah and Deblina covers Timur the Lame (Tamerlane to Westerners) conquering areas from Persia to Russia throughout the late 1300s, and his last great battle in Ankara against Sultan Bayezid I.

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Tracy and Holly talk about blood pressure and Diuril man. Holly then shares a story of how early fastener sales worked and how zippers have become specialized. 

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The development of the zipper was oddly arduous, with many fastener versions tried out before the zipper we know today and have on our clothes, handbags, and luggage was finally figured out. 

Research:

Friedel, Robert. ?Zipper: an Exploration in Novelty.? W.W. Norton. 1994. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "zipper". Encyclopedia Britannica, 21 Apr. 2020, https://www.britannica.com/art/zipper Johnson, Ian. ?Zipper anniversary: 10 bits of trivia to impress the pants off you.? CBC News. April 29, 2013. https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/zipper-anniversary-10-bits-of-trivia-to-impress-the-pants-off-you-1.1305202 Lewis, Danny. ?One Japanese Company Makes Half of the World?s Zippers.? Smithsonian. Sept 3, 2015. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/one-japanese-company-makes-half-worlds-zippers-180956482/ ?Gideon Sundback.? National Inventors Hall of Fame. https://www.invent.org/inductees/gideon-sundback Bauman, Richard. ?The Ups and Downs of Success.? Fremont Tribune. Nov. 20, 2006. https://www.newspapers.com/image/550483507/?terms=whitcomb%20judson&match=1 ?Gideon Sundback celebrated in a Google doodle.? The Guardian. April 23, 2012. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/apr/24/gideon-sundback-celebrated-google-doodle ?Whitcomb Judson.? Lemelson MIT. https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/whitcomb-judson ?Zipper?s Evolution Slow, Shaky.? Spokane Chronicle. March 16, 1978. https://www.newspapers.com/image/578438126/ Altrowitz, Abe. ?The Zipper was ?Born? and Raised Here.? The Minneapolis Star. June 12, 1973. https://www.newspapers.com/image/190250601/?terms=whitcomb%20judson&match=1

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Ancient cultures all over the world used the pulse as a diagnostic tool. And eventually, we figured out how to measure blood pressure, and hypertension came to be viewed as a disease.

Research:

Booth, Jeremy. ?A Short History of Blood Pressure Measurement.? Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. Vol. 70. Nov. 1977. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/003591577707001112 Elias, Merrill F. and Amanda L. Goodell. ?Setting the record straight for two heroes in hypertension: John J. Hay and Paul Dudley White.? Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 9/21/2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8030549/#jch13650-bib-0004 Greene, Jeremy A. ?Releasing the Flood Waters: Diruil and the Reshaping of Hypertension.? Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Vol. 79, No. 4, Winter 2005. https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2005.0153 Harold, John Gordon. ?Harold on History | Historical Perspectives on Hypertension.? American College of Cardiology. 11/20/2017. https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2017/11/14/14/42/harold-on-history-historical-perspectives-on-hypertension Hay, John. ?The Significance of a Raised Blood Pressure.? British Medical Journal. 7/11/1931. Johnson, Richard J. et al. ?The discovery of hypertension: evolving views on the role of the kidneys, and current hot topics.? Renal Physiology. 1/2/2015. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00503.2014 Kotchen, Theodore A. ?Historical Trends and Milestones in Hypertension Research: A Model of the Process of Translational Research.? Hypertension. Vol. 58, 2011.  https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.177766 Labos, Christopher. ?The Current Hypertension Controversy: There is None..? McGill. 2/8/2018. https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/general-science/current-hypertension-controversy-there-none Lüscher, Thomas F. ?High blood pressure: new frontiers of an old risk factor.? European Heart Journal (2017) 38, 2791?2794. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx544 Moser, Marvin. ?Historical Perspectives on the Management of Hypertension.? Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 5/22/2007. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-6175.2006.05836.x Postel-Vinay, Nicolas, editor. ?A Century of Arterial Hypertension 1896-1996.? Wiley. 1996. Saklayen, Mohammad G. and Neeraj V. Deshpande. ?Timeline of History of Hypertension Treatment.? Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2/23/2016. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4763852/

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This 2017 episode covers the U.S.S. Indianapolis, known today for its crew's horrifying wait for rescue after being torpedoed following a secret mission at the end of World War II. But the ship's history goes back much farther than that.

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Holly and Tracy talk about Courbet's arrogance and some gossip about his life. They also discuss the legal loopholes that enable inanimate objects to be named as parties in court cases. 

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Griswold v. Connecticut was the U.S. supreme court decision that overturned laws banning contraception ? at least, for married couples. It wasn?t the first SCOTUS decision to mention the concept of privacy, but it was a major one.

Research:

Bailey, Martha J. ??Momma?s Got the Pill?: How Anthony Comstock and Griswold v. Connecticut Shaped US Childbearing.? American Economic Review 2010, 100. http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/aer.100.1.98 Brannen, Daniel E., Jr., et al. "Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)." Supreme Court Drama: Cases That Changed America, edited by Lawrence W. Baker, 2nd ed., vol. 1: Individual Liberties, UXL, 2011, pp. 70-74. Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX1929200026/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=d079c402. Accessed 5 July 2022. Burnette, Brandon R. ?Comstock Act of 1873 (1873).? The First Amendment Encyclopedia. 2009. https://mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/1038/comstock-act-of-1873 Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute. ?Griswold v. Connecticut (1965).? https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/griswold_v_connecticut_(1965) Court, U.S. Supreme. "Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)." Civil Rights in America, Primary Source Media, 1999. American Journey. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/EJ2163000097/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=4639ad46. Accessed 5 July 2022. Finlay, Nancy. ?Taking on the State: Griswold v. Connecticut.? Connecticut History. https://connecticuthistory.org/taking-on-the-state-griswold-v-connecticut/ Garrow, David J. ?The Legal Legacy of Griswold v. Connecticut.? American Bar Association. 4/1/2011. https://www.americanbar.org/groups/crsj/publications/human_rights_magazine_home/human_rights_vol38_2011/human_rights_spring2011/the_legal_legacy_of_griswold_v_connecticut/ Lepore, Jill. ?To Have and to Hold: Reproduction, Marriage and the Constitution.? The New Yorker. 5/18/2015. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/05/25/to-have-and-to-hold Lord, Alexandra M. ?The Revolutionary 1965 Supreme Court Decision That Declared Sex a Private Affair.? Smithsonian. 5/19/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/the-revolutionary-1965-supreme-court-decision-that-declared-sex-was-a-private-affair-180980089/ McBride, Alex ?Griswold v. Connecticut.? The Supreme Court. Thirteen: Media With Impact. https://www.thirteen.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_griswold.html Minto, David. ?Perversion by Penumbras: Wolfenden, Griswold, and the Transatlantic Trajectory of Sexual Privacy.? American Historical Review. October 2018. Morgan, Jason. ?One ?Right,? Many Wrongs.? The Human Life Review. Winter 2014. Moskowitz, Daniel B. "A matter of privacy: Griswold V. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965): the underlying right to privacy." American History, vol. 52, no. 3, Aug. 2017, pp. 22+. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A495033804/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=293a39ac. Accessed 5 July 2022. UK Parliament. ?Wolfenden Report.? https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/private-lives/relationships/collections1/sexual-offences-act-1967/wolfenden-report-/ Vile, John. ?Griswold v. Connecticut (1965).? The First Amendment Encyclopedia. 2009. https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/579/griswold-v-connecticut Yale Medicine Magazine. ?An arrest in New Haven, contraception and the right to privacy.? https://medicine.yale.edu/news/yale-medicine-magazine/article/an-arrest-in-new-haven-contraception-and-the/

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Courbet was iconic even in his own lifetime. He flew in the face of artistic convention, turned down awards, and ushered in a new movement of Realism in France. He also became embroiled in the country?s political turmoil.  

Research:

Courbet, Gustave ?Madame Auguste Cuoq (Mathilde Desportes, 1827?1910)? The Met. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/436016 Courbet, Gustave. ?Woman in a Riding Habit (L'Amazone).? 1856. The Met. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/436024 Bénédite, Léonce. ?Gustave Courbet: With a Biographical and Critical Study.? W. Heinemann. 1912. Fernier, Robert J.. "Gustave Courbet". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Jun. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gustave-Courbet Berman, Avis. ?Larger Than Life.? Smithsonian Magazine. April 2008. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/larger-than-life-31654689/ Nochlin, Linda. ?Gustave Courbet's Meeting: A Portrait of the Artist as a Wandering Jew.? Art Bulletin. Vol. 49. No. 3. https://www.collegeart.org/pdf/artbulletin/Art%20Bulletin%20Vol%2049%20No%203%20Nochlin.pdf Macnearny, Allison. ?This Artistic Masterpiece Was Destroyed When The Allies Bombed Dresden.? The Daily Beast. April 7, 2019. https://www.thedailybeast.com/gustave-courbets-the-stonebreakers-the-masterpiece-destroyed-when-the-allies-bombed-dresden Harris, Dr. Beth and Dr. Steven Zucker. ?Gustave Courbet, The Stonebreakers.? https://smarthistory.org/courbet-the-stonebreakers/ Harris, Dr. Beth and Dr. Steven Zucker, "Gustave Courbet, The Painter?s Studio: A Real Allegory Summing Up Seven Years of My Life as an Artist," in Smarthistory, August 9, 2015. https://smarthistory.org/courbet-the-artists-studio/

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This 2011 episode from previous hosts Sarah and Deblina covers the sinking of Black Sam's Wydah, the Medusa's disastrous accident off the African coast, and other historical shipwrecks. 

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Tracy and Holly discuss the ways that events in the real-world impact choices of what goes into the show. They also discuss the anonymous purchase of historically significant items, and library collection maintenance.

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