Over the course of this season, our guests have helped us understand the history of disruption and provided essential context for why the Indigenous food movement is necessary. In this last episode for season 1, we talk with Anishinaabe farmer and food producer Rosebud Bear Schneider about the joys and challenges of revitalizing cultural foodways in the present day. Rosebud gives us a glimpse into what food sovereignty work looks like in a contemporary, urban context-- how people are practicing place-based foodways in the City of Detroit, the challenges related to this, and what gives her strength to continue this intergenerational work.

The activism and momentum of the late 1960s led to a shift in U.S. policy toward Native tribes, reaffirming Indigenous peoples’ right to self-governance. Later, this era became known as the Self-Determination Era. Starting in the early 1970s, many pieces of legislation were passed which, among other things, reaffirmed Indigenous peoples’ rights to establish and manage their own schools, practice their traditional spirituality and ceremonies without persecution, and safeguard the welfare of their Native children. Although issues of tribal sovereignty remain at the forefront of our minds, and many fights to maintain our rights continue today, the hard-won victories of this generation have led to some lands being returned, and have restored many water, fishing, and subsistence rights. Dr. Elizabeth Hoover joins us in conversation about the Native American Graves and Repatriation Act-- one of the many pieces of legislation passed during this era-- and how it has provided a path to seed rematriation. Dr. Hoover also shares some of her own experiences in this movement.

During the Termination Era (the early 1950s to late 1960s), the U.S. government passed legislation stating that they would no longer recognize Tribal governments as sovereign nations and began incentivizing the relocation of Native peoples to urban centers across the country. Dr. Martin Reinhardt tells us about the Termination Act of 1953 and Indian Relocation Act of 1956, and the devastating effects they had on treaty rights and Indigenous peoples’ foodways. Dr. Reinhardt also talks about how this attempt to suppress Indigenous sovereignty led to a new era of inter-tribal activism. These growing Red Power movements advocated for Tribal self-determination and demanded the restoration of treaty rights. The building activism that occurred during these years led to a new era in policy and the restoration of many treaty rights. Spirit Plate is part of the Whetstone Radio Collective. Learn more about this episode of Spirit Plate at www.whetstoneradio.com, on IG and Twitter at @whetstoneradio, and YouTube at /WhetstoneRadio.

During the Indian Reorganization Era, which took place between the late 1920s through the 1930s, the U.S. government began winding down its assimilation policies and made moves to reaffirm Tribal self-governance. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, also known as the Indian New Deal, had three main goals: strengthen Tribal self-governance, reconsolidate tribal lands, and promote economic development. The Indian Reorganization Act did emphasize the need to involve Native peoples when the federal government made policies affecting their communities and it provided some new opportunities for self-governance. However, oversight from the Bureau of Indian Affairs continued a long history of paternalism and left little room for Tribal governance based on cultural values and protocols. Few Native individuals or communities were able to become financially self-sustaining as a result of this “Indian New Deal.” In the present day, many have mixed positions and opinions of how well these goals were achieved/realized. Spirit Plate is part of the Whetstone Radio Collective. Learn more about this episode of Spirit Plate at www.whetstoneradio.com, on IG and Twitter at @whetstoneradio, and YouTube at /WhetstoneRadio.   Topics covered in this episode: Min 1:35: Introduction of the show and then intro of Shiloh Min 3:45: Shiloh family’s history and how she decided this was her passion  Min 8:00 Overview of the dinner parties and how their effects on the community  Min 12:30 Introduction of the https://media-exp1.licdn.com/dms/document/C4D2DAQFIrm4dkRfK2g/profile-treasury-document-pdf-analyzed/0/1577723787310?e=1645110000&v=beta&t=VwmFc1TX0sKNzKvGEPa2_uiXUK1gxSgvnVVE8XRjJVE ( Sacred Roots - Food Sovereignty Program) Min 16:00 Difficulties in creating and maintaining the Space and Opportunities for Urban Indians in Food Sovereignty via Sacred Roots Min 20:00: Introduction of the https://civileats.com/2020/06/18/rediscovering-detroits-roots-through-indigenous-food/ (Pop-up in Detriot)  Min 22:30: Introduction to present-day work  Min 25:00: Working with the Native American Food Sovereignty  Min 29:55: Connecting her role in the Native American Food Sovereignty Alliance team to Spirit Plate and what she thinks the future hold 32:00 Looking ahead 

During the Allotment & Assimilation Era (1887-1930) the U.S. government moved to assimilate Native peoples into American society and the economy. One of the most devastating tactics was the Indian Boarding School, which aimed to strip Native children of their culture and train them for manual or domestic labor. Students resisted in many ways: attempting to run away, stealing food, and even setting fire to their schools. Students also formed their own kinship networks.Although the schools changed over time, some remained in operation until the 1980s. Among the many long-term impacts, these institutions disrupted the intergenerational transmission of knowledge and practices related to traditional diets. For some community members today, reconnecting to ancestral foodways helps them reclaim parts of their identity and history. Topics covered in this episode: Min 1:08: Meet Eric Hemenway Min 2:00: What are Indian Boarding Schools? Min 6:13: Creation of the Indian Boarding School system Min 8:37: Varied reasons for attending the schools Min 13:00: Boys’ vs. girls’ education Min 15:54: Funding the schools Min 17:41: Stories of resistance Min 22:19: Why should we share the stories of Indian Boarding Schools? Min 25:33: Eric’s personal path Min 31:18: Parting words from Eric Spirit Plate is part of the Whetstone Radio Collective. Learn more about this episode of Spirit Plate at www.whetstoneradio.com, on IG and Twitter at @whetstoneradio, and YouTube at /WhetstoneRadio.

During the Allotment & Assimilation Era (1887-1930) the U.S. government moved to assimilate Native peoples into American society and the economy. Private land ownership was forced onto Indigenous peoples by breaking apart communal lands into family parcels, effectively altering relationships to land and food. In many cases, Native peoples were forced to shift from subsistence lifestyles and traditional forms of trade to growing food as a commodity. This commodity-based approach to food was and continues to be in conflict with traditional relationships, knowledge, and practices related to growing food. Topics covered in this episode: Min 1:30: Meet Eric Hemenway Min 2:30: Introduction to the Allotment & Assimilation Era  Min 4:22: Division of land Min 6:10: The Burt Lake Burnout Min 9:58: Shiloh’s scorched corn and fish cakes Min 16:31: Convoluted allotment in northern Michigan Min 20:51: Impacts of allotment on the Odawa community Min 25:29: Debunking stereotypes Spirit Plate is part of the Whetstone Radio Collective. Learn more about this episode of Spirit Plate at www.whetstoneradio.com, on IG and Twitter at @whetstoneradio, and YouTube at /WhetstoneRadio. Guest: Eric Hemenway

Following removal and relocation of the mid-1800s, Native communities found ways to adapt and preserve their foodways in the face of disruption. Each community’s journey is unique. This episode focused on the story of the Oneida Nation of Wisconsin. With our guest Becky Webster—Oneida attorney, farmer, and seed keeper—we'll talk about the way they are revitalizing their food traditions through seed saving, cooperative growing, and participating in local barter markets. Topics covered in this episode: Min 1:45: Meet Becky Webster of the Oneida Nation of Wisconsin Min 3:37: Mid-1800s removal and relocation Min 10:55: Journey of relocation for Becky’s community Min 14:25: Rebuilding Oneida food ways in Wisconsin Min 16:57: Ukwakhwa: Tsinu Niyukwayay^thoslu Min 20:04: Beans, Becky’s favorite food to grow Min 23:21: About the grower’s cooperative Ohelaku Min 27:50: The barter market Min 32:09: Meaning of food sovereignty to Becky Min 36:02: What would Becky bring to a feast honoring all her relations? Spirit Plate is part of the Whetstone Radio Collective. Learn more about this episode of Spirit Plate at www.whetstoneradio.com, on IG and Twitter at @whetstoneradio, and YouTube at /WhetstoneRadio. Guest: Becky Webster (@ukwakhwa)

For many Indigenous people involved in the food sovereingty movement, reconnecting to ancestral foods is extremely powerful. Every time someone learns a new recipe, plants a seed, and feasts together, we are helping to transmit knowledge, technologies, and skills from one generation to the next. In this episode, we'll talk with Shelley Buffalo—Meskwaki seed keeper—about her experience of revitalizing cultural foods, growing practices, and language. We'll also talk about her involvement in the growing seed rematriation movement, which is helping to return heritage seeds to their communities of origin. Topics covered in this episode: Min 2:08: Meet Shelley Buffalo of the Meskwaki tribe Min 6:35: Favorite ancestral foods  Min 9:07: Shelley’s journey to seedkeeping Min 15:16: The experience of rematriation Min 18:09: Seed keepers as cultural memory keepers Min 19:13: Removing barriers Min 22:42: Healing through traditional food practices Min 25:09: Struggles with language Min 30:00: Looking ahead  Min 32:27: Improving land access   Spirit Plate is part of the Whetstone Radio Collective. Learn more about this episode of Spirit Plate at www.whetstoneradio.com, on IG and Twitter at @whetstoneradio, and YouTube at /WhetstoneRadio. Guest: Shelley Buffalo (@kiwate_restlessheart)

In this episode, Rowen White—Mohawk farmer, seed keeper, and organizer—joins us to talk about relationships to land and food, upholding our responsibilities to our kin, and developing a new lexicon to talk about the food system. She shares her practice of cultivating relational, kin-centric foodways and the possibilities opened by this worldview. Topics covered in this episode: Min 1:38: Meet Rowen White  Min 6:57: The Mohawk creation story Min 9:45: Issues with the term “food system” Min 12:42: Cultivating kin-centric food ways Min 16:30: Rethinking the word “economy” Min 18:05: Rowen’s journey to seed keeping  Min 20:18: Tomatoes as Rowen’s first seed teachers Min 23:41: The importance of food sovereignty Min 26:38: Food sovereignty vs. self-reliance Min 28:20: Farming in the Sierra Nevada foothills of California  Min 33:05: How to build a connection to the land Min 36:40: What Rowen would bring to a feast honoring their ancestors  Spirit Plate is part of the Whetstone Radio Collective. Learn more about this episode of Spirit Plate at www.whetstoneradio.com, on IG and Twitter at @whetstoneradio, and YouTube at /WhetstoneRadio. Guest: Rowen White (@rowenwhite)

The Spirit Plate podcast is an honoring of all the Indigneous communities across Turtle Island who are working to preserve and revitalize their ancestral foodways. In this space we will talk about Indigenous foodways as means of resistance, resilience, and revitalization. We’ll discuss some of the social, political, and historical reasons why the Indigenous food sovereignty movement is necessary. Topics covered in this episode: Min 1:20: Who is Shiloh Maples? Min 2:33: Connecting the stories of Shiloh’s ancestors to Shiloh’s work Min 5:32: Place-based foodways  Min 7:27: The long history of colonization Min 11:52: Impacts of generations of genocide, disenfranchisement, and oppression Min 14:36: How this history has affected Shiloh’s life Min 17:11: What is Indigenous food sovereignty? Min 21:14: Reclaiming the narrative Min 23:41: Behind the name “Spirit Plate” Spirit Plate is part of the Whetstone Radio Collective. Learn more about this episode of Spirit Plate at www.whetstoneradio.com, on IG and Twitter at @whetstoneradio, and YouTube at /WhetstoneRadio.

Here’s a first look at what to expect from our new podcast #SpiritPlate, as narrated by host Shiloh Maples (@littlenokomis). Look out for the show when it launches on Mon, Jan 24!