This bonus episode was originally posted on Patreon on March 26, 2021 titled "Tangents Bonus Episode #1!"

Original Patreon description: Hank, Sam, and Ceri answer your questions! Including: What happened to Chin Coins? Is there a scientific formula to a great joke? And how do non-newtonian fluids work? Featuring a snazzy new song by the one and only, Tuna!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

And go to https://complexly.store/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on socials:
Ceri: @ceriley.bsky.social
@rhinoceri on Instagram
Sam: @im-sam-schultz.bsky.social
@im_sam_schultz on Instagram
Hank: @hankgreen on X

Stroll back in time to look ahead at the future with Tangents in this compilation of episodes investigating the science and innovations that have pushed humanity and technology ever on down the road of advancement! 

Episodes in this compilation:

S1 E15 - Artificial Intelligence, original airdate: February 19, 2019 

S2 E23 - Robots, original airdate: April 14, 2020 S4 E2 - Computers, original airdate: March 8, 2022 

S4 E44 - Lasers, original airdate: February 28, 2023 

S5 E29 - Machine Learning, original airdate: April 30, 2024 

Sources for each episode can be found in the descriptions of the original episodes on your preferred podcasting platform. 

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

And go to https://complexly.store/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on socials: 

Ceri: @ceriley.bsky.social @rhinoceri on Instagram 

Sam: @im-sam-schultz.bsky.social @im_sam_schultz on Instagram 

Hank: @hankgreen on X

The day has arrived- this is our very last episode of Tangents ever! So of course, we had to talk about a topic that's near and dear to our hearts forever: Tangents. Ride down memory lane with us and returning original host Stefan Chin as we reminisce, try to remember what we've learned, and still learn new stuff in an episode that's the true encapsulation of everything we love about this show. 

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[This or That: SciShow or Tangents or Both]

Eyedrops to deliver a drug called pilocarpine

https://nerdfighteria.info/v/ekmb6KQahuk/

African crested rat with toxin-loaded fur

https://www.livescience.com/crested-rats-have-poison-fur.html

https://www.npr.org/2020/11/27/938878618/for-rats-that-coat-themselves-in-poison-these-rodents-are-surprisingly-cuddly

https://nerdfighteria.info/v/CQAVcAJQsEM/

Spleen cells creating splenunculi 

https://nerdfighteria.info/v/3xXyBCckWsM

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/12/13/505349283/meet-the-spleen-the-strange-little-organ-that-can-multiply

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27226272/

Car transmission failures due to endangered species act

https://www.nytimes.com/1975/04/17/archives/transmission-problems-in-cars-linked-to-ban-on-whale-killing.html

https://magazine.washington.edu/feature/the-innovation-file-solving-a-whale-of-a-problem/

https://io9.gizmodo.com/how-the-jojoba-plant-saved-the-sperm-whale-1716719552

https://www.nytimes.com/1975/05/15/archives/oil-from-a-shrub-found-in-desert-may-save-the-sperm-whale.html

https://www.lubesngreases.com/magazine/whale-oil-biobased-and-bygone/

[The Gauntlet]

Preventing snails from growing external shells

https://www.wired.com/2010/10/snails-slugs-shell-evolution/

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101011090229.htm

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1525-142X.2010.00433.x

Female mouse pee compound that decreases pain and increases stress in males

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abi9366

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/953803

Niagara falls 1969 project

https://www.niagarafallsinfo.com/niagara-falls-history/niagara-falls-geology/american-dry-falls/

https://slate.com/technology/2019/05/niagara-falls-june-1969-dewatering.html

https://m.ammoth.us/blog/2010/03/absent-rivers-ephemeral-parks/

Wolf puppies acting like domesticated dogs

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/824375

https://www.cell.com/iscience/fulltext/S2589-0042(19)30557-7

Ethyl mercaptan-sniffing animals

https://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/0894.pdf

https://bedfordaudubon.org/2016/01/07/turkey-vulture-and-black-vulture/

https://www.birdnote.org/podcasts/birdnote-daily/turkey-vultures-and-gas-pipelines

Ika-tako computer virus

https://www.wired.co.uk/article/japanese-virus

https://www.computerworld.com/article/1343317/hacker-s-p2p-virus-replaces-files-with-sea-creature-manga.html

Frogs that don?t have middle ears but can still hear

https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1302218110

https://phys.org/news/2013-09-frogs-ears-mouth.html

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3023005/

[Ask the Science Couch]

Mathematical uses for tangents

https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/classes/calciii/TangentNormalVectors.aspx

http://www.braeunig.us/space/orbmech.htm

https://science.nasa.gov/learn/basics-of-space-flight/chapter4-1/

https://www.nasa.gov/ames-engineering/spaceflight-division/flight-dynamics/trajectory-design/

https://willkempartschool.com/compostional-mistakes-in-drawing/

[Butt One More Thing]

Young turquoise killifish gut microbes made old fish live longer

https://www.nature.com/news/young-poo-makes-aged-fish-l

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/120980v2

We're thrilled to be joined for a special return to the topic of Cancer by our own magnificent editorial assistant, Deboki Chakravarti! We cover a ton in this beefy episode, so grab a snack, get comfy, and prepare to dive deep on a topic that's well worth the revisit. 

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Truth or Fail]

Water-logged diaper scans

https://www.nist.gov/pml/about-pml/pml-working-you/pml-working-you-archives/fighting-cancer-diapers

https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2017/11/how-disposable-diapers-can-improve-measurements-tumor-growth

Toothbrush cancer camera

https://www.forbes.com/sites/rachelsandler/2022/09/22/why-billionaire-eric-schmidt-is-backing-a-high-school-senior-making-a-cancer-detecting-toothbrush-and-other-brilliant-teens/

https://www.mayoclinic.org/medical-professionals/obstetrics-gynecology/news/a-substantial-step-toward-earlier-endometrial-cancer-detection/mac-20560620

Cancer-cell kleenex

https://www.statnews.com/2017/09/06/masspec-pen-cancer/

[This or That: Researcher, Patient, or Both]

Round 1 - Sister Mary Joseph Nodule

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468294222000089#sec0006

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00261-016-1031-1

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)31864-6/abstract

Round 2 - Trousseau sign of malignancy

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468294222000089#sec0002

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1022062/

Round 3 - AOH1996

https://www.alexslemonade.org/blog/chance-meeting-leads-promising-cancer-treatment

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10592352/

https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05227326

Round 4 - Papanicolaou (Pap) test

https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cncy.22734

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2213294514002178

[Ask the Science Couch]

Proposition 65 in the state of California & carcinogens in studies

https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/about-proposition-65

https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list

https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/how-chemicals-are-added-proposition-65-list

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6349368/

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10311-023-01668-1

https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/wood-dust

 

Patreon bonus: Treatments for different cancers and why there?s no singular cure

https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types

https://www.aacr.org/patients-caregivers/about-cancer/what-is-cancer/

https://www.cancercenter.com/community/blog/2023/10/cancer-is-not-one-disease

https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html

[Butt One More Thing]

A trained dog could sniff out colorectal cancer in poop samples

https://gut.bmj.com/content/60/6/814

https://www.cshl.edu/the-doctor-will-sniff-you-now/

Would it really be a conversation about plagues if noted plague-hater and tuberculosis-fighter John Green wasn't a part of it? In this episode John makes his Tangents debut at last, and we dig deep into whether we could fight an old, fat beaver and win, among other things.

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Truth or Fail Express]

Hunter-gatherer from 5000 years ago infected with plague

https://www.livescience.com/5000-year-old-man-had-plague.html

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/oldest-strain-of-black-death-bacteria-found-in-5000-year-old-human-remains#Less-deadly-and-less-contagious

Isaac Newton plague cure 

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/sir-isaac-newtons-plague-prescription-toad-vomit-lozenges-180975039/

https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/isaac-newton-plague

Sewer pipes in Hanoi let plague-bearing rats breed

https://feralatlas.supdigital.org/poster/colonial-sewers-led-to-more-rats

https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/hanoi-rat-massacre-1902

[The Scientific Definition]

Four thieves vinegar

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7485289/

https://nutritionalgeography.faculty.ucdavis.edu/clove/

https://www.si.edu/es/object/die-mondsuchtigen:nmah_994026

The Vicary method / The live chicken treatment

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1472106/

https://muse.jhu.edu/article/665487

https://libguides.umn.edu/healthmisinformation

Zenexton 

https://www.jstor.org/stable/44444207

https://archive.org/details/b30341681/page/n7/mode/2up

[Ask the Science Couch]

HIV resistance through genetic mutation and selective pressure (possibly from plagues)

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1377146/

https://jmg.bmj.com/content/42/3/205

https://www.nature.com/news/2005/050307/full/news050307-15.html

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/03/050325234239.htm

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC299980/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16880184/

 

Plague doctors probably didn?t look like birds (until later / after theater) 

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Paul_F%C3%BCrst,_Der_Doctor_Schnabel_von_Rom_(Holl%C3%A4nder_version).png

https://deathscent.com/2020/05/15/the-redolent-plague-doctor/

https://www.livescience.com/plague-doctors.html

[Butt One More Thing]

Using pastes made with human feces to treat bubonic plague

https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2021/04/medieval-pandemic-cures-that-were-medieval/

https://hosted.lib.uiowa.edu/histmed/plague/

Is it usefulness, accidental genius, or sheer dumb luck that produces inventions? Well, after this episode, we at least know for sure what Batman's answer would be. As for the rest of it, you'll just have to listen along while we dive into one of Ceri's dream topics: Inventions!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[This or That]

Pacemaker

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3232561/

https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/jul/11/from-viagra-to-valium-the-drugs-that-were-discovered-by-accident

Snow globe

https://www.bbc.com/news/business-25298507

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/how-an-experiment-to-amplify-light-in-hospital-operating-rooms-led-to-the-accidental-invention-of-the-snow-globe-180985742/

Stethoscope 

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1570491/

https://www.thoughtco.com/rene-laenecc-stethoscope-1991647

[The Scientific Definition]

Pigeon Vest

https://americanhistory.si.edu/explore/stories/pigeons-bras-go-war

Bat Bomb

https://www.airandspaceforces.com/article/1090bats/

https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-almost-perfect-world-war-ii-plot-to-bomb-japan-with-bats

https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/04/old-weird-tech-the-bat-bombs-of-world-war-ii/237267/

Chicken Eyeglasses

https://gizmodo.com/thousands-of-chickens-once-wore-glasses-to-stop-them-ki-1700343874

https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1989/11/27/entrepreneur-wants-a-lens-in-every/

https://extension.psu.edu/poultry-cannibalism-prevention-and-treatment

https://patents.google.com/patent/US730918

Experiment (patent in category ?Boats to ascend rivers?)

https://books.google.com/books?id=K1YdAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA120#v=onepage&q&f=false

https://liberalarts.tamu.edu/nautarch/nwl/lake-champlain-projects/hoofbeats-over-the-water-ina-research-on-horse-powered-ferryboats/

https://books.google.com/books?id=z0Avt3ruFx0C&pg=PA294#v=onepage&q&f=false

https://www.uspto.gov/blog/the-search-for-lost-x

[Ask the Science Couch]

?Ahead of their time? inventions (Undersea cables, Antikythera mechanism, electric cars) 

https://www.nps.gov/caco/learn/historyculture/french-transatlantic-cable.htm

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-84310-w

https://www.youtube.com/@clickspring

https://guides.loc.gov/chronicling-america-early-electric-cars

Patreon bonus: Patent law and whether you can apply without a prototype

https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/35/100

https://www.legal.uillinois.edu/services/legal_guidance/inventions_and_patents

https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/s2109.html

https://improbable.com/2014/02/21/the-blonsky-centrifugal-birthing-device-in-dublin/

[Butt One More Thing]

John Henry Kellog?s vibratory dining chair for bowel movements

https://www.museumofquackery.com/devices/k-chair.htm

https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/health-nutrition-history-quackery/enigmatic-dr-kellogg

Do you want to play a game? Well, we sure do! We're joined by Sam's dream guest Jo Firestone, a comedian, podcaster, and game author and enthusiast to celebrate the joy (and evil) of playing games, especially the games on Tangents! 

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Truth or Fail: Express]

Researchers turned quitting smoking into competitive sport

https://www.bu.edu/sph/news/articles/2024/novel-digital-pet-game-within-smoking-cessation-app-increases-user-engagement-with-apps-tools-to-quit-smoking/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37566442/

Scientists watch a hydrogel play pong

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/article/2024/aug/22/scientists-enable-hydrogel-to-play-and-improve-at-pong-video-game

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1063433

Bonus: Dead salmon FMRI study

https://www.psychology.mcmaster.ca/bennett/psy710/readings/BennettDeadSalmon.pdf

Oregon Trail decision model 

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1063290

[The Gauntlet]

Game Boy Pocket Sonar accessory

https://www.outdoorlife.com/fishing/game-boy-fishing-sonar/

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/apr/21/nintendo-game-boy-25-facts-for-its-25th-anniversary

https://gameboy.fandom.com/wiki/Game_Boy_Pocket_Sonar

Foldit players solve puzzles with what molecules

https://fold.it/about_foldit

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2024/press-release/

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/foldit-gamers-solve-riddle/

AI neural network from floppy disk to electronic game

http://www.20q.net/?history

https://ecolloq.gsfc.nasa.gov/archive/2006-Spring/announce.burgener.html

https://openreview.net/pdf?id=FlR4Wyubayy

Jenga name in Swahili

https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/science-blog/jenga-tale-randomness-and-design

https://www.museumofplay.org/toys/jenga/

Candy Land disease epidemic

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/candy-land/

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/history-disease-outbreaks-vaccine-timeline/polio

https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2019/07/how-polio-inspired-the-creation-of-candy-land/594424/

Jeopardy

https://www.chicagotribune.com/2007/03/19/jeopardy-has-first-3-way-tie/

https://www.npr.org/2009/12/20/121664528/sing-muse-of-the-jeopardy-three-way-tie

https://j-archive.com/showplayer.php?player_id=3578

https://www.jeopardy.com/jbuzz/behind-scenes/breaking-down-four-rare-jeopardy-scenarios

100% win rate from high-speed robot

https://ishikawa-vision.org/fusion/Janken/index-e.html

[Ask the Science Couch]

Game replayability reasons, impacts, and areas of future research

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED596614.pdf

https://www.firstpersonscholar.com/the-games-people-replay/

https://research.vu.nl/ws/files/3135888/293191.pdf

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1875952121000574

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352250X22002652

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1155/2024/5876780

Patreon bonus: Gamification, another facet of motivation psychology

https://academictechnologies.it.miami.edu/support/course-design-assistance/game-based-learning/index.html

https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1475760/1/gamification_CHI2016_preprint.pdf

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1875952119300953

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050921023255

https://online.nursing.georgetown.edu/blog/how-to-stop-procrastinating-there-is-a-science-to-it/

https://mcgraw.princeton.edu/undergraduates/resources/resource-library/understanding-and-overcoming-procrastination

[Butt One More Thing]

Original inventor of Scrabble was named Alfred Mosher Butts

https://time.com/archive/6909539/scrabble/

https://www.museumofplay.org/toys/scrabble/

Is all life predestined, or is existence blown about by the whims of entropy? If we restarted the universe with the same world generating seed a la Minecraft, would it all play out the same??? These are ginormous questions that we do not get into in this episode! Instead, we're examining slightly more manageable examples of randomness in nature, in computing, and even in ourselves. 

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[The Scientific Definition]

The Lost Boarding Pass Problem

https://www.varsity.co.uk/science/23162

The Secretary Problem

https://www2.math.upenn.edu/~ted/210F10/References/Secretary.pdf

https://slate.com/technology/2014/12/the-secretary-problem-use-this-algorithm-to-determine-exactly-how-many-people-you-should-assess-before-making-a-new-hire-or-choosing-a-life-partner.html

The Sleeping Beauty Problem

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cW27QJYNXtU

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-the-sleeping-beauty-problem-is-keeping-mathematicians-awake/

[Trivia Question]

Sum of numbers on a D120 vertex where 10 faces meet

https://www.wired.com/2016/05/mathematical-challenge-of-designing-the-worlds-most-complex-120-sided-dice/

[Fact Off]

Fastest computer worm in history was the random-scanning worm called Slammer (aka the Sapphire Worm) 

https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~savage/papers/IEEESP03.pdf

https://www.science.org/content/article/fastest-worm-ever

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1523881

Effectiveness of randomly promoting employees in a business instead of promoting by merit

[Ask the Science Couch]

Humans are (maybe) bad at intuitively understanding or predicting randomness

https://cocosci.princeton.edu/tom/papers/hard.pdf

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5215234/

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5933241/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0010027717302895

https://zhaolab.psych.ubc.ca/pdfs/Zhao_2014_JEPHPP.pdf

Patreon bonus: pseudorandom number generators and randomization seeds

https://www.random.org/randomness/

https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/pseudorandom_number_generator

https://www.acsac.org/2003/papers/79.pdf

https://www.fourmilab.ch/hotbits/

[Butt One More Thing]

Dung beetles that attach themselves to butts to find poop non-randomly

https://www.sfzoo.org/dung-beetle/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19169550/

Hello Tangents listeners! We are off this week to rest up and enjoy the holidays, so in place of a regular episode we have a super special treat from friends of the show that we're excited to share! We're dropping an episode of a new podcast series from Chalk and Blade Productions called "Our Big Shot."

What if we could build a disease free world? Well, we almost have. We are at a point in history where we have a Big Shot to make that happen. Dr Seema Yasmin, expert in disease control, brings you the stories of disease eradication, and the pioneers who can tell us how to finish the journey. These conversations will make you smarter, entertain and surprise you, and give you hope for the future of humanity.

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

One year passes, another is just around the bend, so let's look back on the top 6 Tangents episodes of 2024!! From intriguing topics to spooky mystery guests, this compilation truly summarizes a wild, wonderful year for Tangents. We hope you enjoy reminiscing with us, and we look forward to all that's ahead! 

Original episodes: 

6. Feathers - airdate March 19, 2024

5. Glue - airdate May 14, 2024

4. Cheese - airdate February 6, 2024 

3. Garbage - airdate March 5, 2024 

2. Roller Coasters - airdate September 17, 2024 

1. Caves - airdate October 1, 2024 

Sources for each episode can be found in the descriptions of the original episodes on your preferred podcasting platform.

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

Is a dream really a wish your heart makes? Or is it just that your brain is an organ that never really turns off? What do your dreams even mean??? These are just some of the perplexing questions this episode posed to us and our special return guest, Trace Dominguez!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Definition]

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2814941/

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-control-dreams/  

[The Scientific Definition]

Dreambooks

https://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/67/vandegrift.php#:~:text=Popular%20in%20Europe%20since%20antiquity,game%20then%20sweeping%20Northeastern%20cities.

https://web.archive.org/web/20151222092158/http://www.eastm.org/index.php/journal/article/viewFile/146/134

https://www.obafemio.com/uploads/5/1/4/2/5142021/dream_interpretation_in_ancient_china.pdf

Incubation

https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft5j49p06s&chunk.id=d0e2624&toc.id=&brand=ucpress#:~:text=Common%20throughout%20all%20antiquity%2C%20the,some%20divinely%20inspired%20dream%20vision.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/dream-sleep-experience/Dreams-as-a-source-of-divination#ref984709

https://www.dreamscience.ca/en/documents/New%20content/incubation/Incubation%20overview%20for%20website%20updated.pdf

Ominous-Vapor Watcher

https://www.obafemio.com/uploads/5/1/4/2/5142021/dream_interpretation_in_ancient_china.pdf

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Zhouli

[Trivia Question]

Rapid eye movement (REM) saccade speed

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780080450469010895

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1985.tb01551.x

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1983.tb03008.x

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9406327/

[Fact Off]

Approximating dreams with generative AI

https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/heres-how-ai-could-soon-decode-your-dreams

Lucid dreaming and the effects of video games on dreams

https://academic.oup.com/nc/article/2017/1/nix009/3859602

https://theconversation.com/im-a-lucid-dream-researcher-heres-how-to-train-your-brain-to-do-it-118901

https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2014-00817-001

https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F1053-0797.16.2.96

https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2014-00817-001

https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2008-19013-002

https://www.theverge.com/2014/1/21/5330636/video-games-effect-on-dreams

[Ask the Science Couch]

Neuroscience of fever dreams 

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3830719/

https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/IJoDR/article/view/28492

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6997236/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033318268718077?via%3Dihub

https://www.accjournal.org/journal/view.php?number=1528

 

Patreon bonus: Recurring dream content and possible psychology

https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2010-23497-001

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Antonio-Zadra/publication/232509978_Recurrent_dreams_Their_relation_to_life_events/links/53d673f10cf220632f3da1f7/Recurrent-dreams-Their-relation-to-life-events.pdf  

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810005000772?casa_token=Dofy4I_w2PsAAAAA:DdZ6qAtKJiS6OEE3Iu8pETHldBs5n1SH3lvSQl6WuCNVv9Xi8v09wuR9bWki5YROcyKWXAZ3CcN3

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01812/full

https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/ajp.134.12.1335

[Butt One More Thing]

Psychoanalyst Hans Thorner documenting a patient who dreamed of butt spiders

https://bgsp.edu/app/uploads/2014/12/Blechner-M-Patients-dreams-and-the-countertransference.pdf

https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429477546-12/three-defences-inner-persecution-hans-thorner

Now you see it, now you don't - this episode is a true trick for the senses as we uncover the hidden wonders of Camouflage! From human ingenuity (?) to animal creativity, misdirection and subterfuge abound in this episode, so keep your eyes peeled, it's not one you'll want to miss!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[This, That, or the Other: Disappearing Acts]

Stripes painted on ships and planes

Painting planes pink

Yehudi lights on planes

https://www.cnrs-scrn.org/northern_mariner/vol19/tnm_19_171-192.pdf

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1634902/

https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/552503/the-secret-lives-of-color-by-kassia-st-clair/

https://books.google.com/books?id=heS0lbYrpAwC&pg=PA56&dq=yehudi+lights&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHg8TLg6KJAxX5DkQIHUDFHHcQ6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q=yehudi%20lights&f=false

https://books.google.com/books?id=DUkl5bH6k6EC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698902002675#:~:text=In%20the%20Purkinje%20shift%2C%20the,versus%20red%20into%20apparent%20motion.

[Trivia Question]

Color combinations of Bargibant's pygmy seahorses

https://www.fishbase.se/summary/Hippocampus-bargibanti

https://oceana.org/marine-life/pygmy-seahorse/

https://owlcation.com/stem/Camouflage-in-Animals-Pygmy-Seahorses

[Fact Off]

Trashline orb-weaver spiders that build self-portraits for camouflage https://web.archive.org/web/20160829062900/http://blog.perunature.com:80/2012/12/new-species-of-decoy-spider-likely.html

https://phys.org/news/2012-12-species-spider-fake-decoys.html

https://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/trashline-orbweavers

https://academic.oup.com/beheco/article-abstract/10/4/372/2252323

Picture examples of stabilimenta: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabilimentum

Tricking mice with scent camouflage by adding too much wheat smell

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abe4164

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-023-01127-3

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/camouflaging-wheat-smell-pest-control

[Ask the Science Couch]

Color-changing biology in invertebrates like octopuses vs. vertebrates like chameleons

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5804272/

https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms7368

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1039/c0pp00199f

https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/invertebrates/how-octopuses-and-squids-change-color

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2936158/

Patreon bonus: Non-visual-spectrum camouflage or other senses 

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.860137

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2008.0228

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00049-004-0274-4

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2019.0183

[Butt One More Thing]

Caterpillars, spiders, and moths that camouflage themselves as bird poop

https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/citrus/giantswallowtail.htm

https://nhpbs.org/natureworks/viceroy.htm

https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn28124-zoologger-a-spider-that-looks-and-smells-like-bird-droppings/

https://australian.museum/learn/animals/spiders/bird-dropping-spider/

https://boingboing.net/2019/11/14/macrocilix-maia-a-moth-that-e.html

From one to four to none at all, stomachs enjoy a stunning variety across all the creatures who have (or don't have) them. And with our stomachs all happily full of spooky month treats, we thought it was the perfect time to learn all about this weird, wobbly, wonderful organ.

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[This, That, or the Other: Stomachs ROCK]

Bird with over 1% of their total body weight of gastroliths

Aquatic animal helps control buoyancy by swallowing silt 

Animal eats its exoskeleton that stores calcium in stomach

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8342792/#bib0037

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6549149_No_gastric_mill_in_sauropod_dinosaurs_New_evidence_from_analysis_of_gastrolith_mass_and_function_in_ostriches

https://bonndoc.ulb.uni-bonn.de/xmlui/handle/20.500.11811/2110

https://www.jstor.org/stable/4098635

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26818557/

[Trivia Question]

Mammal species without stomachs

https://www.livescience.com/41661-why-platypus-wont-regain-stomach.html

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2013.2669

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/how-the-platypus-and-a-quarter-of-fishes-lost-their-stomachs

https://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/obl4he/vertebratediversity/monotremes.html

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=A5Rzx7yeh7c

[Fact Off]

Ghost crabs use their stomach teeth (gastric mills) to growl

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2019.1161

https://www.science.org/content/article/listen-ghost-crab-frighten-away-enemies-its-stomach-rumbles

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/sep/11/ghost-crabs-use-teeth-in-stomachs-to-growl-at-predators

Someone ate a shrew to study what human digestion does to rodent bones 

[Ask the Science Couch]

Borborygmus and the biology of stomach rumbles  

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-does-your-stomach-gro/

https://www.etymonline.com/word/borborygmus

https://www.nature.com/articles/nrgastro.2012.57

https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpgi.00212.2015

Patreon bonus: Stomach and brain communication for hunger/satiety (or other things) 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3174087/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555906/

https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpgi.00448.2003

https://www.livescience.com/health/food-diet/does-it-really-take-20-minutes-to-realize-youre-full

https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/693111

[Butt One More Thing]

Florida carpenter ants swallow their own formic acid to help protect their stomachs

https://elifesciences.org/articles/60287

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/491275

There's a chill in the air and a shudder in our bones...it's Spooky Month! Come along with us on a treacherous journey full of mischief, mayhem, and many marvelously mysterious guests! Steady yourself, for who knows what frights lurk around the corner...

Alas, our frightful fiends and friends, Spooky Month has nearly run its course - but not until we go out with a bang with our final ghoulish guest, Tom Lum! Join as we dare to tread amongst the creatures who belong to the night...nocturnal animals!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[This, That, or the Other: Boys? Night Out]

Male animals float and call out to females

https://sta.uwi.edu/fst/lifesciences/sites/default/files/lifesciences/documents/ogatt/Pseudis_paradoxa%20-%20Paradoxical%20Frog.pdf

Animals in ritualistic sparring matches for several hours

https://echidnawalkabout.com.au/how-kangaroos-fight/

Patrolling perimeter and building up poop piles

https://www.britannica.com/animal/kiwi-bird

https://www.livescience.com/57813-kiwi-facts.html

[Truth or Fail Express]

Hedgehogs inflate like a balloon

https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-gloucestershire-68833432

https://www.livescience.com/59994-balloon-syndrome-hedgehog.html

Bandicoots spin to defend themselves 

https://crashbandicoot.fandom.com/wiki/Spin

https://www2.environment.nsw.gov.au/topics/animals-and-plants/native-animals/native-animal-facts/land-mammals/bandicoots

Tasmanian devils are soothed by music

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducking_the_Devil

https://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/tasmanian-devil

https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/wildlife/2017/08/native-animals-should-be-renamed-with-their-aboriginal-names/

Pygmy tarsiers / gremlins rotating their heads

https://www.wired.com/2015/01/absurd-creature-of-the-week-tarsier/

https://primate.wisc.edu/primate-info-net/pin-factsheets/pin-factsheet-tarsier/

[Ask the Science Couch]

Vitamin D chemistry and nocturnal animals

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK56061/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8538717/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7761812/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12899852/

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00722.x

https://www.mdpi.com/2571-841X/3/1/1

 

Patreon bonus: Teenage humans sleeping habits shifted towards night

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2820578/

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/07420528.2023.2265480

https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2015/10/among-teens-sleep-deprivation-an-epidemic.html

https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/134/3/642/74175/School-Start-Times-for-Adolescents

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6084759/

[Butt One More Thing]

Bats with false butts (but some sort of muscle)

https://www.instagram.com/batworldsanctuary/p/DAbKf45RDjW/

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mexican_free-tailed_bat_(8006850693).jpg

There's a chill in the air and a shudder in our bones...it's Spooky Month! Come along with us on a treacherous journey full of mischief, mayhem, and many marvelously mysterious guests! Steady yourself, for who knows what frights lurk around the corner...

Our next shocking mystery friend to join us is none other than Dylan Marron! Tread the floorboards of Tangents Manor with us in pursuit of the truth behind fortune-telling and future-predicting as we examine Psychics! 

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[This, That, or the Other: Crystal Ball]

Weather forecast predictions

https://www.noaa.gov/stories/6-tools-our-meteorologists-use-to-forecast-weather

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/can-you-trust-farmers-almanacs-weather-predictions/

Flu shot planning

https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/vaccine-selection.htm

Short-term volcanic eruption prediction

https://volcano.si.edu/faq/index.cfm?question=eruptionforecast

https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/24650/chapter/6

[The Scientific Definition]

Spirit trumpet

https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-SPR-TRUMPET/1

https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/spirit-trumpets-dead-speak

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/for-harry-houdini-seances-and-spiritualism-were-just-an-illusion-180978944/

The Barnum effect

http://apsychoserver.psych.arizona.edu/JJBAReprints/PSYC621/Forer_The%20fallacy%20of%20personal%20validation_1949.pdf

https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110810104425651

https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1978.tb00271.x

https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1977-21271-001

Table-turning

https://fisherdigitus.library.utoronto.ca/exhibits/show/psychical-research-collection/tabletalkingandtableturning/tabletalkingandtableturningboo

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-52954-2_6

https://www.ria.ie/blog/table-turning-a-victorian-fad/

[Ask the Science Couch]

Neuroscience or psychology explanations for deja vu 

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-005-0677-3

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4251874/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1053810012000049

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3420423/

https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/releases/the-psychology-of-deja-vu.html

https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/deja-vu

Patreon bonus: Brain-computer interfaces and using technology to detect thoughts

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3497935/

https://www.theverge.com/2015/5/21/8639905/brain-control-robot-arm-paralyzed-quadriplegic

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaa5417

https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2023/5/4/23708162/neurotechnology-mind-reading-brain-neuralink-brain-computer-interface

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-023-01304-9

[Butt One More Thing]

Scatomancy pseudoscience vs. fecal tests run by gastroenterologists

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/scatomancer_n_4309974

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000704.htm

https://www.columbiadoctors.org/news/how-know-your-colon-healthy

There's a chill in the air and a shudder in our bones...it's Spooky Month! Come along with us on a treacherous journey full of mischief, mayhem, and many marvelously mysterious guests! Steady yourself, for who knows what frights lurk around the corner...

In our first Spooky Month episode we dare to venture into the cold, dark world of caves. Joining us on our search for hidden knowledge deep within the earth is the estimably terrifying Brennan Lee Mulligan! 

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[This, That, or the Other: Deep Trouble]

Optymistychna Cave in Ukraine

Plura Cave in Norway

Veryovkina Cave in Georgia (the country)

https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-36097300

https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/veryovkina-cave-deepest

https://mineralseducationcoalition.org/minerals-database/gypsum/

https://saltworkconsultants.com/downloads/31.%20Dissolution%202-%20Caves.pdf

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262182704_Fractal_dimensions_of_cave_for_exemplary_gypsum_cave-mazes_of_Western_Ukraine

https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/handle/1956/10413?locale-attribute=en https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-97292-3_9 https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2499&context=ijs

[The Gauntlet]

Madagascar cave graveyard

Armenia wine cave

Bosnia & Herzegovina cave barely moving animal

Devil?s Hole cave in Nevada

Cheese storage caves in the U.S.

Mexico cave with giant formations

[Ask the Science Couch]

Science of cave climate in cheese/wine production 

https://www.wineenthusiast.com/culture/wine/underground-wine-caves-good/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214289419306088#

https://www.mentalfloss.com/posts/missouri-cheese-caves-history

https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/us-stockpile-cheese-missouri-caves/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2213329116300260

Patreon bonus: ?Subsurface access points? or caves in non-Earth places like the Moon and Mars

https://www.usgs.gov/centers/astrogeology-science-center/news/caves-across-solar-system

https://www-robotics.jpl.nasa.gov/what-we-do/applications/subsurface-access/

https://www.nasa.gov/solar-system/lunar-pits-could-shelter-astronauts-reveal-details-of-how-man-in-the-moon-formed/  

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-024-02302-y.epdf 

[Butt One More Thing]

Indigenous Caribbean cave art from 1200-1400s, carved from moonmilk or painted using guano compounds

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440317301413?via%3Dihub

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-017-05389-8

Get ready for a stomach-turning, heart-pounding, gravity-defying thrill ride as we plummet down, up, and all around the amazing world of roller coasters! We're joined by legendary podcaster, YouTuber, and roller coaster fanatic Tom Scott who wows us with his encyclopedic knowledge of these engineering marvels. So take a deep breath, strap in, and keep all your limbs inside the ride until the episode comes to a complete stop! Oh, and have fun!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[This, That, or the Other: All Downhill from Here]

https://www.goldreefcity.co.za/theme-park/rides-and-attractions/tower-of-terror/

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20170005323/downloads/20170005323.pdf

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7663089/

https://www.ferrariworldabudhabi.com/en/rides/formula-rossa/worlds-fastest-rollercoaster

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8pJiV44hVM

https://www.iaapa.org/news/funworld/tmnt-shellraiser

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3281645/

https://www.powermotiontech.com/hydraulics/accumulators/article/21883506/want-thrills-go-with-hydraulics

[Trivia Question]

Annual deaths in roller coaster accidents in the United States

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1730261

https://www.weather.gov/safety/lightning-victims

https://www.cpsc.gov/cgibin/NEISSQuery/Data/Info%20Docs/2023%20NEISS%20Coding%20Manual.pdf

??https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2023-Fireworks-Annual-Report.pdf?VersionId=61twx_Y4c5dkn6MhfDIT7QhGg2T6Gf1q

https://www.uspa.org/discover/faqs/safety

[Fact Off]

Riding roller coasters can help reduce perception of breathlessness/dyspnea

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0005796706001653

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0954611106003209

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1191/1479972306cd110ra?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed

Riding in the back of Big Thunder Mountain Railroad can help dislodge kidney stones

[Ask the Science Couch]

Roller coaster stomach drop feeling and the enteric nervous system

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7495222/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4367209/

https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/good-question-why-does-your-stomach-drop-on-a-roller-coaster/

https://www.visitkingsisland.com/blog/2020/may/roller-coaster-terminology-101

Patreon bonus: Motion sickness and relation to age

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539706/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4906308/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11135238/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6241144/

[Butt One More Thing]

Dog-fart-themed steel roller coaster in Denmark?s BonBon-Land

https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/624229/take-virtual-ride-hundeprutterutchebane-denmarks-infamous-dog-fart-rollercoaster

https://www.southzealand-mon.com/BonBon-Land

The knowledge of our couch of finely-honed scientific minds didn't pop out of the ground fully-formed - it had to be planted, tended, and grown lovingly over a long period of time to flower into the beautiful curiosity tree it is today. But like so much of life, it started as just a tiny, humble seed - which is super convenient for the topic of this episode!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Definition]

https://www.nybg.org/planttalk/what-is-a-seed/

https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2020.00027

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/female-gametophyte

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/male-gametophyte

[This or That: Seed Numbers]

25: seed weight or germination time

2000: preserved species or oldest germinated seed

385 million: individual Amazonian trees or oldest seed-producing fossilized plant

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2012/687832

https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/science/12/chap5.htm

https://www.seedvault.no/about/the-seeds/

https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.1153600

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/708279

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3309767/

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1102491

https://web.archive.org/web/20130608110356/http://sura.ots.ac.cr/local/florula3/docs/Hura.pdf

https://www.britannica.com/story/can-apple-seeds-kill-you

[Trivia Question]

2024 record for smallest creature to disperse ingested seeds 

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1042977

https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp3.10519

https://bantam.earth/common-rough-woodlouse-porcellio-scaber/

[Fact Off]

HybriBots are a cyborg way to plant seeds, made from wild oats and human-made capsules

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/adma.202313906  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34506974/

Video of wild oat fruits: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NlUparIDfzE

Human urine does not protect acorns against predation by the wood mouse

[Ask the Science Couch]

Heirloom seeds and non-recently-hybridized plant cultivars (vs. hybrids vs. genetic modifications)

https://hort.extension.wisc.edu/articles/heirloom-vegetables/

https://extension.illinois.edu/sites/default/files/dkk-mg-seed-swap-hybrid-heirloom.pdf

https://ag.umass.edu/home-lawn-garden/fact-sheets/heirloom-vegetable-varieties

https://extension.illinois.edu/node/21430

https://hles.unl.edu/translating-language-seed-packets-hybrid-heirloom-non-gmo-and-more

https://www.fda.gov/food/agricultural-biotechnology/gmo-crops-animal-food-and-beyond

Patreon bonus: How seeds germinate and seeds that grow better after being digested

https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/4/462

https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.00973.x

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1433831904700104

https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eap.1667

[Butt One More Thing]

Mysterious tomato plant on the volcanic island Surtsey came from a seed in human poop

https://www.icelandreview.com/news/dirty-secret-uncovered-doing-business-surtsey/

https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1267/

Here in the remote vistas of the Tangents jungle, observe a group of mighty science communicators expertly stalking their primary prey: knowledge. Ever so tantalizing to behold, knowledge lounges in the shade of a fern, oblivious to the danger sneaking up behind it, ready to strike at a moment's notice! Truly, these must be the most fearsome of all predators!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[This, That, or the Other: Munch Squad]

Barnacle and crab-eating animal in North American oceans

Bird-eating ungulate in captivity 

Small mammal that ate raptor?s meat meal instead of being eaten

https://new.aquaticmammalsjournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/29-01_Courbis.pdf

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340941147_Do_lowland_tapirs_Tapirus_terrestris_eat_meat_Evidence_of_carnivory_in_a_large_South_American_herbivore

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10344-015-0980-y

https://bioone.org/journals/annals-of-the-entomological-society-of-america/volume-105/issue-1/AN11057/Opportunistic-Carnivory-by-Romalea-microptera-Orthoptera-Acrididae/10.1603/AN11057.short

[Fact Off]

Late-stage bamboo shark embryos have electroreception within their egg case 

Collaborative hunting gestures in coral reef residents (e.g. groupers or coral trout and moray eels)

https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0040431

https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms2781

https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(14)00885-9

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2013/04/24/groupers-use-gestures-to-recruit-morays-for-hunting-team-ups/

[Ask the Science Couch]

Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of pollutants in the food web (including humans)

https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/toxic-killer-whales

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969722022549  

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10212926/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412021002671

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-013-1722-x

https://www.acs.org/pressroom/tiny-matters/plastic-micro-plastic-everywhere-what-does-it-do-and-why-should-we-care.html

Patreon bonus: Sharks have cartilaginous skeletons 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557576/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0944200606000080?via%3Dihub

https://magazine.scienceconnected.org/2015/12/preserving-soft-skeleton-backs-without-bones/

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jfb.14444

https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/221/24/jeb188318/20570/Mechanical-behavior-of-shark-vertebral-centra-at

[Butt One More Thing]

Coprolites show that Smok wawelski (an archosaur from the Late Triassic) was eating bones

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-37540-4

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/838032

For those who want a megadose of Tangents shenanigans, this compilation is for you! In the many seasons of Tangents we've covered lots of interconnected topics, and now you can listen to them back-to-back like the best podcast many-feature ever. This compilation has been handcrafted from premium ingredients, sifted and whisked together with care, and baked to podcast easy listening perfection. Bon Appetite! 

Original episodes: 

S1 E5 - Eggs, original airdate: December 11, 2018 

S2 E18 - Sugar, original airdate: March 10, 2020 

S2 E26 - Salt, original airdate: May 5, 2020 

S2 E38 - Milk, original airdate: August 18, 2020 

S3 E44 - Yeast, original airdate: January 18, 2022 

Sources for each episode can be found in the descriptions of the original episodes. 

Want more SciShow Tangents? Check out hundreds more episodes of our podcast here: https://scishow-tangents.simplecast.com, or wherever you get your podcasts! 

Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! 

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to find great SciShow Tangents merch! 

A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible! 

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

From our episode on Sweat, here's Ceri's brilliant rendition of "Why Do We Sweat?"

 

This song is a parody of Rusted Root's "Send Me On My Way."

Lyrics: Ceri Riley

Music: Joseph "Tuna" Metesh

Some are itchy, some are painful, some go totally unnoticed by us every single day...bugs have such variety in the ways they chomp, some chomps aren't even from bug mouths, but from bug butts! Join us while we debate, query, and learn all we can about the wide world of bug bites.

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[This, That, or the Other: These Ouches Are No Slouches]

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cla.12103

https://www.press.jhu.edu/books/title/10878/sting-wild

[Trivia Question]

Size of giant toe-biting water bugs found in Cyprus

https://travaux.pensoft.net/article/94457/

https://www.livescience.com/animals/insects/giant-toe-biter-water-bugs-discovered-in-cyprus-for-the-1st-time

https://blog.abchomeandcommercial.com/do-water-bugs-bite/

https://cyprus-mail.com/2024/03/20/massive-bug-sighted-keep-your-toes-out-of-the-water/

[Fact Off]

Epomis beetle larvae and adults eat frogs as role-reversal predators

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0025161

Bumble bees bite plant leaves to make them flower early

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aay0496

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bumblebees-bite-plants-to-force-them-to-flower-seriously/

https://wisconsinbumblebees.entomology.wisc.edu/about-bumble-bees/life-cycle-and-development/

https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article/67/17/4925/2197656

[Ask the Science Couch]

Causes of itchiness and how calamine lotion / zinc oxide works

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4862869/

https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/how-stop-bug-bites-itching

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9532860/

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02090/full

https://jsstd.org/calamine-lotion/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4120804/

Patreon bonus: Bugs with big mandibles or bite marks (even if they rarely bite humans)

https://pukaha.org.nz/the-wacky-world-of-new-zealand-weta/

https://newzealandecology.org/nzje/2995

https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/stag-beetles.html

https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/217/7/1065/13119/Biomechanical-determinants-of-bite-force

https://www.nps.gov/articles/giant-water-bug.htm

[Butt One More Thing]

Beaded lacewing (Lomamyia latipennis) larvae paralyze termites with farts before eating them

https://www.wired.com/2015/06/silent-deadly-fatal-farts-immobilize-prey/

https://www.nature.com/articles/289506a0

Woo boy! It's hot out there, why don't ya grab a nice glass of ice cold lemonade and listen in on everything you did and didn't want to learn about sweat. Are humans the sweatiest of them all? Do fish sweat? What lives in the ecosystem between two people holding hands for the first time? What is it all even for!??

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

Sources: 

[Truth or Fail]

Sweat sucking spiders supplementing salts 

Polar bears follow sweaty paw paths in search for love

A new bacteria-infecting cure for extra stinky sweaty feet 

[Trivia Question]

NASA?s ECOSTRESS measures evapotranspiration aka plant sweating

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/ecosystem-spaceborne-thermal-radiometer-experiment-on-space-station-ecostress

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/watching-plants-water-use-is-no-sweat-for-ecostress

[Fact Off]

Charles Blagden experiments with ?super-sauna? that cooked steak but made humans sweat

https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/experiments-and-observations-in-a-heated-room-1774/

https://www.jstor.org/stable/106218?seq=1

https://royalsociety.org/about-us/who-we-are/history/

Antiperspirant made with propylene glycol that evaporates your sweat before it leaves the ducts

 

[Ask the Science Couch]

Non-water stuff in eccrine sweat (salt, urea, hormones, etc.)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6773238/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12817713/

https://www.penn.museum/sites/bulletin/1733/

https://ontarioarchaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/oa048-02_macdonald.pdf

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5941775/

Patreon bonus: Effects of stress/emotion on sweat composition and smell

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2007.00387.x

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9518869/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9246182/

[Butt One More Thing]

Treating hyperhidrosis in the perianal region with botox

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8436621/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11172190/

 

This summer's hottest North American bug is without question, the cicada. They've got everything: neon-colored wing veins, bendy-straw-style exoskeletons, an insatiable thirst for tree goo, and after 17 years of napping, they're bursting out of the ground ready to par-tay!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[This or That: Cicadas or the Beatles]

https://www.science.org/content/article/secret-cicadas-chirp

https://cicadas.uconn.edu/behavior/

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/698019

Algorithm to measure song changes over time

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/500262

https://www.science.org/content/article/computer-charts-evolution-beatles

Test signals in fiber optic cables

https://entomologytoday.org/2023/12/04/broadband-buzz-periodical-cicadas-chorus-measured-fiber-optic-cables/

https://academic.oup.com/jinsectscience/article/23/6/3/7425398?login=false

Female flies responding to songs

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4932889/

https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/science/cicadas-are-the-barry-white-of-the-insect-world/

Eroom?s Law principle related to drug development

https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/eroom-s-law

https://iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bmb.21617

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eroom%27s_law

[Trivia Question]

Bird hunting caterpillars on emergence and non-emergence years

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adi7426

https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth/24148209/cicadas-2024-periodical-brood-eat-ecosystem-impact

[Fact Off]

Brown bears digging up cicada nymphs in Japanese human-planted forests

https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2115/86161

https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/cjz-2020-0222

https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecy.4266

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1036064

Cicadas pee in a very mammal-like stream

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-cicadas-power-spray-their-pee/

[Ask the Science Couch]

Cicada sound production using the tymbal, stridulation, or wing impacts

https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_4279

https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/198/4/1001/6996/The-Role-of-the-Tymbal-in-Cicada-Sound-Production

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0118554

https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/151/1/41/5697/Do-Cicadas-Radiate-Sound-through-their-Ear-Drums

Patreon bonus: Periodical cicadas emerge after 13 or 17 (prime numbers) years

https://www.jstor.org/stable/2406585

https://www.livescience.com/14238-southern-cicadas-emerge-exact-prime-number-cycles.html

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2690011/

https://cicadas.uconn.edu/

[Butt One More Thing]

Cicada nymph anal liquid is adhesive and mucus-like

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0044523104700686

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B2rax3CKoj8

It wouldn't be Pride at Tangents if we weren't getting into some science! We're joined by Owen Ever and Laine Kaplan-Levenson, the hosts of a new show from news outlet Canadaland called "Field Guide to Gay Animals." Our conversation ranged far and wide across a myriad of ways queerness is expressed in the animal world and the challenges and joys of studying it. 

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

Sources:

[Truth or Fail Express]

Sequentially hermaphroditic shrimp

https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/eeblog/2020/12/01/sequential-hermaphroditism-or-why-to-be-wary-of-frog-dna/

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/oceans-rising-acidity-could-impact-shrimps-early-sex-reversal-180972521/

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0218238

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355179232_Protandric_Transcriptomes_to_Uncover_Parts_of_the_Crustacean_Sex-Differentiation_Puzzle

Nudibranch with male and female sex organs

https://www.livescience.com/27065-sea-slug-uses-disposable-penis.html

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3639767/

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10164-018-0562-z?wt

Sparrows with white or tan stripes and functionally four genders

https://www.audubon.org/news/the-fascinating-and-complicated-sex-lives-white-throated-sparrows

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7725849/

[This or That: Bird or Bug?]

Male-male duo that dances together to attract a mate (blue-backed manakin)

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51171525#page/225/mode/1up

https://academic.oup.com/beheco/article/18/1/21/209396

Male-male pair that takes over a male-female pair?s nest (Japanese termites)

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/680968

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003347216301233

Mating-related injuries on both male and female specimens (dragonflies)

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16252041#page/48/mode/1up

[Ask the Science Couch]

History of sexual diversity in animals documented or not in zoology (e.g. Adelie penguins)

https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/1/6568055

https://www.penguinscience.com/reprints/10%20Russell.pdf

http://www.italian-journal-of-mammalogy.it/pdf-77304-13455?filename=Same_sex%20sexual%20behaviour.pdf

[Butt One More Thing]

Aristotle?s History of Animals mentions female pigeons laying wind-eggs after same-sex sexual behavior

https://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/history_anim.6.vi.html

https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/found-an-egg-with-no-yolk

It's all right there on the tin - this episode is BANANAS. And not just because we have the most guests we've ever had in Tangents history. Not even just because one of them is a super special surprise RETURN friend of the pod. And not even because we check out some flowers that are way more uncomfortable to look at than you think. No, this episode is bananas because we're talking about (you guessed it) bananas!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

[Truth or Fail Express]

Banana peel pasta

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022023325

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/08/220809141224.htm

Banana peel perfume adherent

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132323007679

https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021229177&origin=inward&txGid=4b400d048de28231cfb5cce2c0ee924a

Banana peel water filtration

https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2011/acs-presspac-april-13-2011/banana-peels-get-a-second-life-as-water-purifier.html

https://www.livescience.com/13276-banana-peels-filter-toxic-metals.html

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/ie101499e

[This or That: Yellow or Not Yellow?]

Banana fiddler crab

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00265-020-02899-w

Image: https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/753425

Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Austruca_mjoebergi_coenobita.jpg

Banana galaxies 

https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.15232

Nokia 8110 aka the ?banana phone? 

https://www.mobilephonemuseum.com/phone-detail/nokia-8110

https://www.mobilephonemuseum.com/phone-detail/hmd-global-nokia-8110-4g

Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nokia_8110.jpg

Image of 4G: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nokia_8110_4G.png

[Ask the Science Couch]

Commercial banana cultivar genetics and Fusarium wilt or other disease risks

https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article-abstract/4/1/87/588827

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0154448

https://journals.ashs.org/horttech/view/journals/horttech/31/6/article-p838.xml

https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/11/462375558/our-favorite-banana-may-be-doomed-can-new-varieties-replace-it

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-01670-6

[Butt One More Thing]

Honey bee alarm pheromones contain the banana flavor isoamyl acetate

https://www.nature.com/articles/1951018b0

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2017.2653

Another wild teaser appears! This little snippet is from a bonus, cut-for-time question from our episode on Turtles! You can listen to the rest, and also a bunch more bonus content, on our Patreon. It's one of the best ways you can support the show and keep Tangents going and free for everyone. Head over to Patreon.com/scishowtangents and join in all the learning and shenanigans! Thank you so much to all our Patrons - we genuinely would not get to do this without you, and we really like doing this, so it rocks that we can. THANK YOU!

It may seem like cloning really only shows up regularly in science fiction, but it turns out, it's been a sneaky, significant real-world process for a super long time! In this episode we learn about cloning found in nature, labs, and...this very podcast??

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

[Truth or Fail]

Crayfish that?s been cloning itself might help us study prion diseases

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/05/science/mutant-crayfish-clones-europe.html

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/904708

Scientists envision a new insect repellant while cloning hemlock trees

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/801445

Athlete?s foot fungus rejects sex for cloning

https://today.duke.edu/2018/02/toenail-fungus-gives-sex-infect-human-hosts

https://academic.oup.com/genetics/article/208/4/1657/6084243

https://gizmodo.com/the-fungi-that-cause-athletes-foot-have-given-up-on-sex-1823265768

[Trivia Question]

First cloned cat, which was named Copy Cat

https://vetmed.tamu.edu/news/press-releases/texas-am-says-goodbye-to-cc-worlds-first-cloned-cat/

https://www.npr.org/2020/03/08/813384347/remembering-cc-the-cloned-cat

[Fact Off]

Electric ant queens and males sexually reproduce but actually like two different clonal species

A 34-member ?twin study? with Amazon molly fish clones

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1009151

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-43069-6

https://phys.org/news/2021-02-defeating-enemy-evolution-clone-fish.html

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4919929/

https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/twins-study/about/

[Ask the Science Couch]

Cross-species cloning and back-breeding as de-extinction strategies

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK223960/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4157387/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC521203/

https://lsspjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2195-7819-10-3

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/species-revival-bringing-back-extinct-animals

https://www.fws.gov/press-release/2021-02/genetic-research-boosts-black-footed-ferret-conservation-efforts

[Butt One More Thing]

Portuguese man o? war is a colony of zooid clones, including gastrozooids for digesting (and maybe pooping)

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-51842-1

https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/portuguese-man-o-war.html

Humanity is bound together by so many qualities, and in this episode, we add Being Goopy to the list. What does that have to do with glue? A whole lot, it turns out - cue some ominous foreshadowing....Memento goopy! 

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

[Secret Ingredient]

Fibers mixed with water to make adhesive 

https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/1/1/pgac026/6549457

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/945194

Adhesive inspired by animal protein

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/945194

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.1c10936

Chinese bricks made with gluey substance

https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/chinese-architecture

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eem2.12143

[Trivia Question]

Year that the first adhesive stamp Penny Black was mailed

https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/how-a-single-postage-stamp-birthed-the-information-age

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/first-piece-of-mail-sent-using-a-stamp-auction-180983619/

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-story-of-the-first-postage-stamp-14931961/

[Fact Off]

Reversible glue made with caffeic acid exposed to certain UV light wavelengths 

Blood albumin glue used in plywood and pre-plastic resin objects

https://extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/FNR/FNR-154.pdf

https://foodeng.wisc.edu/images/publications/2010-9.pdf

https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/fluidsengineering/article-abstract/54/11/15/1162589/Blood-Albumin-and-the-Woodworking-Industry?redirectedFrom=PDF

https://plastiquarian.com/?page_id=14216

[Ask the Science Couch]

How glue adhesion/cohesion works and why glue (sometimes) doesn?t cure in the bottle

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01182#

https://www.uhu.com/en-en/glue-advice/adhesive-types

https://d-lab.mit.edu/sites/default/files/inline-files/D-Lab_Learn-It_Adhesives_Jul13.pdf

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0143749618300575

https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/CT07137

[Butt One More Thing]

Fibrin glue used to help seal anal fistulas

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12682544/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1782483/

No, your eyes and ears don't deceive you - this is, in fact, a super special cross-feed treat from our friends over at Crash Course in the form of the first episode of their brand new show, "Crash Course Pods: The Universe." Hosted by novelist John Green and astrophysicist Dr. Katie Mack, "The Universe" is a podcast about the history of the entire universe, from its explosive beginnings to its mysterious, but inevitable, end. In this first episode Dr. Mack walks John through the Big Bang and the very first micro-moments of the universe, and some of the ways that that ancient event is actually still connected to us, here, today. It's great, we really like it, we're really proud of the Crash Course team, and we thought you guys would also really enjoy the show! So to make it easy, we put the entire first episode right here! The rest of John and Dr. Mack's conversation will cover 11 episodes airing every other week on the Crash Course YouTube channel at youtube.com/crashcourse or wherever you get your podcasts. Give it a listen, and we hope you enjoy!

We do a lot of learning on Tangents, so naturally, we've got questions about what learning looks like...for machines! AI and machine learning science communicator Jordan Harrod (https://www.youtube.com/@jordanharrod) lends her expertise to this episode as we definitely for sure learn all there is to know and will ever need to be known about machine learning, algorithms, and AI. Definitely we got all of it, everyone.

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

[Truth or Fail Express]

Racoon-inspired algorithm

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8552661

Dolphin-inspired algorithm

Pelican-inspired algorithm

[Trivia Question]

Using machine learning to measure plant vibration and sounds when they experience stress 

https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(23)00262-3

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/plants-make-noises-when-stressed-study-finds-180981920/

[Fact Off]

Lenna (an image of a Playboy model) used as the standard for digital image processing

https://www.404media.co/lena-test-image-ieee-policy/

Tricking speech recognition systems with ?neural voice camouflage?

https://www.engineering.columbia.edu/news/block-smartphone-microphone-speech-recognition-spying

https://web.stanford.edu/~jurafsky/slp3/16.pdf

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.07076.pdf

https://www.vox.com/2018/7/20/17594074/phone-spying-wiretap-microphone-smartphone-northeastern-dave-choffnes-christo-wilson-kara-swisher

https://gizmodo.com/these-academics-spent-the-last-year-testing-whether-you-1826961188

[Ask the Science Couch]

AI image generator mistakes (hands, feet, teeth) and how they work (diffusion models)

https://www.sciencefocus.com/future-technology/why-ai-generated-hands-are-the-stuff-of-nightmares-explained-by-a-scientist

https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/pranavdixit/ai-generated-art-hands-fingers-messed-up

https://hai.stanford.edu/news/what-dall-e-reveals-about-human-creativity

https://proceedings.mlr.press/v37/sohl-dickstein15.pdf

[Butt One More Thing]

Training machine learning models (convolutional neural networks) to classify poop images

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.10578.pdf

https://journals.lww.com/ajg/abstract/2022/07000/a_smartphone_application_using_artificial.24.aspx

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33275399/

Anal Recognition Paper

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-020-0534-9

Another wild teaser appears! This little snippet is the first part of our revisit of Hygiene and answering even more questions that we didn't get to in the episode. You can listen to the rest, and also a bunch more bonus content, on our Patreon. It's one of the best ways you can support the show and keep Tangents going and free for everyone. Head over to Patreon.com/scishowtangents and join in all the learning and shenanigans! Thank you so much to all our Patrons - we genuinely would not get to do this without you, and we really like doing this, so it rocks that we can. THANK YOU!

Devotees of the testudines rejoice! Whether you have one as a pet, admire them at the zoo, or giggle with the rest of the internet when they rock each other off logs, chances are high, we think, that you like turtles. We like turtles! And conveniently for us, turtle science is also extremely cool, so this was basically an ideal episode to make. Enjoy!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

[Truth or Fail]

Fossilized turtle poop showing green algae feast site

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/995472

https://www.science.org/content/article/sea-turtles-have-3000-year-old-routines

Crushing of fossilized turtle shells shows burial site age

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/26/science/turtle-shells-fossils-paleontology.html

https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article/18/5/1524/616297/Crushed-turtle-shells-Proxies-for-lithification

Turtle fossil was actually a plant fossil

https://www.livescience.com/animals/120-million-year-old-plants-turn-out-to-be-ultra-rare-fossilized-baby-turtles

[Trivia Question]

Speed of a sand-digging robot modeled after a turtle hatchling

https://today.ucsd.edu/story/bot-inspired-by-baby-turtles-can-swim-under-the-sand-1

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/aisy.202200404

[Fact Off]

Chinese soft-shelled turtles (basically) pee out their mouths

https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/215/21/3723/19178/The-Chinese-soft-shelled-turtle-Pelodiscus

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/121011090643.htm

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/aohc/63/2/63_2_181/_article

https://theconversation.com/no-overwintering-turtles-dont-breathe-through-their-butts-getting-to-the-bottom-of-a-popular-misconception-224331

Microplastics in sand mess with sea turtle sex ratios

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/06/230623210244.htm#:~:text=Warmer%20temperatures%20are%20known%20to,before%20their%20sex%20is%20set.

https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/temperature-dependent.html#:~:text=This%20is%20called%20temperature%2Ddependent,the%20hatchlings%20will%20be%20female.

[Ask the Science Couch]

Turtle communication and vocalization

https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.24553

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-14356-3

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-33741-8 https://gizmodo.com/jurassic-parks-dinosaur-sound-effects-were-actually-ani-5994278

https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2023/01/06/turtles-eat-south-america/

[Butt One More Thing]

Collecting loggerhead sea turtle fecal samples by making them custom swimsuits 

https://www.uq.edu.au/news/article/2015/10/sea-turtles-don-swimsuits-science

Pictures: 

https://www.flickr.com/photos/37175871@N06/albums/72157659326105212/

A wild teaser appears! This little snippet is the first part of our revisit of Big vs. Small and answering even more questions that we didn't get to in the episode. You can listen to the rest, and also a bunch more bonus content, on our Patreon. It's one of the best ways you can support the show and keep Tangents going and free for everyone. Head over to Patreon.com/scishowtangents and join in all the learning and shenanigans! Thank you so much to all our Patrons - we genuinely would not get to do this without you, and we really like doing this, so it rocks that we can. THANK YOU!

From expressing ourselves through fashion to protecting ourselves from the elements, textiles seem to be self-evidently significant to the human experience. But it's our goal on Tangents to always poke holes in the obvious, tear through distraction, and weave humor with knowledge - and the facts this episode will blow your cotton-poly blend socks off.

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

[Truth or Fail Express]

Fabric shoe sole tariff

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/23/business/economy/columbia-sportswear-trump-trade-war.html

https://www.bbc.com/news/business-45875405

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/this-is-why-your-converse-sneakers-have-felt-on-the-bottom-6016648/

Water-soluble fiber to prove original Finnish textile

https://www.perniaspopupshop.com/encyclopedia/karnataka/mysore-silk

https://www.ksicsilk.com/Home/About

https://news.mit.edu/2023/fiber-barcodes-can-make-clothing-labels-that-last-0321

Wool Acts: burial shroud requirements

https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/england-wool-burial-shrouds

https://nursingclio.org/2020/05/21/weaving-wool-into-death-burial-in-17th-century-england/

https://www.hungerfordvirtualmuseum.co.uk/?view=article&id=961&catid=10

[Trivia Question]

?Cappers Act? of 1571 in England required males to wear woolen caps

https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/81552

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/minor-british-institutions-the-flat-cap-1926708.html

https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O124661/cap/cap-unknown/?print=1

[Fact Off]

Indigenous Aymara weavers and pediatric cardiologists co-created a medical textile for congenital heart defects

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2674640

https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/video-player/16238899

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10329454/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3379209/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470160/

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/cardiac-catheterization

https://www.ted.com/talks/franz_freudenthal_a_new_way_to_heal_hearts_without_surgery/transcript

Creating experimental antimicrobial underwear for astronauts or space laundry machines

https://www.livescience.com/astronauts-shared-underwear-upgrade.html

https://www.cnet.com/science/astronauts-share-spacesuit-underwear-but-keeping-it-clean-is-a-challenge/

https://phys.org/news/2021-05-spacesuit-underwear.html

https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2009/07/space_age_underwear_that_can_b.html

https://www.iflscience.com/space-laundry-how-will-astronauts-keep-their-underwear-clean-on-the-moon-70058

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/nasa-teams-tide-do-laundry-space-180978067/

https://apnews.com/article/laundry-wash-clothes-space-station-nasa-5a7f2795150f7dce81581cfb82cdd1f7

[Ask the Science Couch]

History of knitting machines

https://invention.si.edu/knitting-stockings-machine

http://www.nottsheritagegateway.org.uk/people/frameworkknitters.htm

Crochet vs. knit stitches

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jecATRwHQP8

https://akaspar.pages.cba.mit.edu/textiles-recitation/background.html

Crocheting hyperbolic space models

https://www.ams.org/publicoutreach/math-imagery/taimina

https://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/16/wertheim_henderson_taimina.php

https://www.theiff.org/oexhibits/oe1e.html

[Butt One More Thing]

Art project that extracted cellulose from cow manure to make a semi-synthetic fabric

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014181302300404X

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/poop-clothing_n_58e7d6f0e4b058f0a02efa77

https://jalilaessaidi.com/cowmanure/

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

It may be well-known that hope is the thing with feathers, but how much is known about feathers themselves? Turns out, plenty! From shrub grouses to shuttlecocks and all the pea-babies (diminutive for peacocks, definitely for sure) in between, come soar on the delightfully complex wings of knowledge with us!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

 

[Truth or Fail]

Dermestid beetles on dino feather in amber

https://www.science.org/content/article/feathered-dinosaurs-discovered

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/986124

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/lice-filled-dinosaur-feathers-found-trapped-100-million-year-old-amber-180973727/

https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/dermestid-beetles-feasted-on-dinosaur-feathers

Badminton shuttlecock dino-birdie 

https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/dinosaurs-ancient-fossils/liaoning-diorama/a-feathered-tyrant

https://australian.museum/learn/dinosaurs/fact-sheets/dilong-paradoxus/

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1030468

Roboduck with dino feathers

https://www.audubon.org/news/new-aquatic-dinosaur-find-strange-and-startling-avian-hodgepodge

https://www.newscientist.com/article/2414147-dinosaurs-evolved-feathers-to-scare-prey-suggests-robot-experiment/

https://arstechnica.com/science/2024/02/robo-dinosaur-scares-grasshoppers-to-shed-light-on-why-dinos-evolved-feathers/

[Trivia Question]

Speed of peacock tail feather shaking to signal interest to mates

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0152759

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0207247

https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/12/peacock-crests-are-vibration-sensors/578656/

https://gizmodo.com/the-physics-of-peacock-tail-feathers-is-even-more-dazzl-1772653586

[Fact Off]

Turning waste chicken feathers into a flavorless, edible meat paste

https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/animals-slaughtered-for-meat?time=latest

https://phys.org/news/2017-09-bird-feathers-food.html

https://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=9055668&fileOId=9055675

https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/news/lund-team-turns-chicken-feathers-into-food/

https://www.rechargenews.com/energy-transition/chicken-feathers-can-help-generate-clean-energy-say-researchers/2-1-1539841?zephr_sso_ott=oZW4Dr

Male sandgrouse belly feathers soak up water to carry back to their babies

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2022.0878

https://academic.oup.com/condor/article/69/4/323/5229138

https://ebird.org/species/namsan1

[Ask the Science Couch]

Feather growth and development (and altricial vs. precocial baby birds)

https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/feathers-article/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4380223/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6917565/

[Butt One More Thing]

Fright molt: losing tail feathers as an antipredator adaptation

https://academic.oup.com/beheco/article/17/6/1046/319763

Trash, rubbish, waste, refuse...we have a lot of words for the gunk that goes on the truck, because whether we like it or not, humans make a lot of garbage. Get comfy with some grossness as we root around in garbage's past, present, and future. We're all on a path, you guys!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

Garbage

[The Scientific Definition]

Neptune balls

Laser broom

Wishcycling

[Trivia Question]

Eugene Poubelle garbage can ordinance in France

https://www.connexionfrance.com/article/Mag/French-Facts/Dustbins-are-named-after-French-recycling-innovator

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/poubelle

https://doodles.google/doodle/eugene-poubelles-190th-birthday/

[Fact Off]

Sulfur-crested cockatoos opening garbage cans because of social learning

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abe7808

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/963482

https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(22)01285-4

Hermit crabs are using plastic trash as shells

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969723075885

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/hermit-crabs-using-trash-as-shells-across-the-world-scientists-find-180983701/

[Ask the Science Couch]

Waste-to-energy methods: power plants/incineration, gasification, landfill gas, anaerobic digestion

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652617317316?via%3Dihub

https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/biomass/waste-to-energy-in-depth.php

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780857090119500090

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5530419

https://www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-information-about-landfill-gas

https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate2804

https://www.epa.gov/agstar/how-does-anaerobic-digestion-work

[Butt One More Thing]

Poop composition of gull flocks that eat garbage from landfills

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004313541730489X?via%3Dihub

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/558545  

Oops, all science this episode! Erstwhile editorial assistant Deboki Chakravarti steps in for erstwhile everyman Sam Schultz as we parse through fundamental puzzles about humanity: what makes us, us, and if it is hormones, does that make us cocktails or cauldrons?

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

Hormones

[Truth or Fail]

https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/news/trust-hormone-oxytocin-helps-old-muscle-work-new-study-finds

[Trivia Question]

Hormone-injected Judas goats to kill invasive species in Project Isabella

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3092746/

https://modernfarmer.com/2013/09/killing-goats-galapagos/

[Fact Off]

Bones make osteocalcin, which might be a hormone involved in stress reactions

https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(19)30441-3

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6335246/

https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1008361

https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1008714

Chrononutrition and breast milk hormones training babies? circadian rhythms

[Ask the Science Couch]

Hormones (vs. neurotransmitters) and how they affect emotions

 

Serotonin

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545168/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5864293/

 

Testosterone

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033318213001333?via%3Dihub

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/andr.12867

 

Estrogen

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3753111/

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/210086

 

Thyroid

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7612998/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378512215006064

 

Puberty in general

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5192018/

https://journals.publishing.umich.edu/umurj/article/id/1383/

[Butt One More Thing]

Golden spiny mice poop hormones show that they've evolved to be nocturnal (even though they can be diurnal)

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0023446

It's the long-awaited cheese-stravaganza! And it's every bit as melty, crumbly, stretchy, and stinky as hoped for. We dip into some fetamology, we stretch our nokkeledge of cheese applications, and we unwrap the shocking tartrutho about a cheese we thought we knew!*

*The real cheese names I butchered into puns: feta, nokkelost, tartuffo. All delicious, go try some!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[The Scientific Definition]

Cornish Yarg?s rind

Pule animal milk

Emmental cheese surroundings

[Trivia Question]

One of the oldest unopened cans of Cougar Gold cheese

https://archive.news.wsu.edu/news/2010/08/14/oldest-cougar-gold-cracked-open-still-tasty/

https://creamery.wsu.edu/about-us/history/

[Fact Off]

Using cheese to study the neuroscience of disgust because it?s not dangerous/unethical

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5065955/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/psychology/disgust

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687907/

Environmental remediation in Emeryville, CA using cottage cheese whey

[Ask the Science Couch]

?Addictive? qualities of cheese (contextualizing casomorphin and the endogenous opioid system)

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0117959

https://www.acs.org/molecule-of-the-week/archive/b/bovine-beta-casomorphin-7.html

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8345738/

https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2009.231r

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10486734/

[Butt One More Thing]

Cheese mites are pests but also delicacies in Mimolette and Milbenkäse

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030210003644

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10493-016-0040-7

https://microbialfoods.org/microbe-guide-cheese-mites/

The question plaguing us this episode is, how dark can it really get? Turns out (according to some), not that dark! Unless you're at the bottom of the ocean or floating in the all too-eerie void of deep space, you're always gonna have some photons hitting your face. (I'm pretty sure I accidentally stole this rhyme right out of Hank's poem, but you'll just have to listen to know for sure...) 

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[The Gauntlet]

Next December 23rd winter solstice

SOLAR spacecraft went down 

Reorientation of sun instrument

23.5°S latitude alternate name

Tapetum lucidum color

Hormone in darkness

Famous winter solstice sunlight site

[Trivia Question]

Last December 23rd winter solstice

https://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/december-solstice.html

[Fact Off]

Carrots can help you make rhodopsin but not improve night vision

https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/do-carrots-help-you-see-in-the-dark

https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/do-carrots-really-help-you-see-in-the-dark

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10484191/

https://www.livescience.com/carrots-see-in-the-dark.html

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/fact-or-fiction-carrots-improve-your-vision/

Dogs are more likely to steal food disobediently when it?s dark 

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10071-012-0579-6

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/02/130211090840.htm

https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/en/persons/juliane-kaminski/publications/

[Butt One More Thing]

English words for excrement collectors (gong farmer, night soil men) 

https://www.oed.com/dictionary/night-soil_n?tab=etymology

https://www.oed.com/dictionary/gong-farmer_n?tab=meaning_and_use#992848879

https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/when-american-cities-were-full-of-crap

https://ojs.ethnobiology.org/index.php/ebl/article/view/1351/705

In this not-so-chill episode, everybody gets a little unsettled by the concepts around refrigeration. Quantum computers, thermoacoustics, molecular chemistry, elephants, the phantom letter "d" that gets added to the shortening of refrigeration...it's all just. So much.

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[This or That: Fridge or Not Fridge]

Ballpoint-pen-sized device with twisted nickel-titanium and water

Credit-card-sized device plugged into your phone with lithium bromide

Two large metal balls with ammonia and water

[Trivia Question]

Frigidaire had an elephant stand on their refrigerator as a strength test

https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/75945/15-icy-cool-facts-about-refrigeration

https://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org/cgi-bin/colorado?a=d&d=STP19390511.2.109&e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN%7ctxCO%7ctxTA--------0------

[Fact Off]

Dilution refrigeration and ultra-cold LEGOs

https://nanoscience.oxinst.com/assets/uploads/NanoScience/Brochures/Principles%20of%20dilution%20refrigeration_Sept15.pdf

https://twist.phys.virginia.edu/work/Formal_Paper.pdf

https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/news/the-coolest-lego-in-the-universe

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-55616-7#Fig1

https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a30337510/lego-bricks-heat-tolerance-quantum-computer/

Thermoacoustic refrigeration and the James Webb Space Telescope

[Ask the Science Couch]

Freezer smells and dehydration/oxidation affecting food taste

https://extension.umn.edu/preserving-and-preparing/science-freezing-foods

https://extension.psu.edu/understanding-the-process-of-freezing

https://theconversation.com/heres-why-your-freezer-smells-so-bad-and-what-you-can-do-about-it-203058

https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/emergencies/removing-odors-refrigerators-and

[Butt One More Thing]

USB drive found in volunteer-collected frozen leopard seal poop

https://niwa.co.nz/news/they-were-defrosting-leopard-seal-pooyou-wont-believe-what-happened-next

https://www.leopardseals.org/scat-poo-collection/

Do you hear what I hear? Probably not, because in this episode, we're bringing things down several notches to learn about quiet. Does it have a scientific definition? Is it all just relative? Should crickets have podcasts? Join us as we (ok, maybe not so) quietly contemplate quiet.

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Truth or Fail]

Larval reef fish bury their heads in the sand to reduce noise

Quieter Bison bulls get more mates

Dolphins quiet their clicks to ambush each other 

[Trivia Question]

Loudness of lead singer in Billboard Hot 100 from 1946-2020

https://pubs.aip.org/asa/jel/article/3/4/043201/2885300/Lead-vocal-level-in-recordings-of-popular-music

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/986837

[Fact Off]

Water-based sound suppression systems for rocket launches

https://pubs.aip.org/asa/jasa/article/142/4_Supplement/2489/603382/Sixty-years-of-launch-vehicle-acoustics

https://www.nas.nasa.gov/SC15/demos/demo10.html

https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/space-launch-systems-sound-suppression-system-final-test-at-kennedy/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X23003528

Small tree crickets use leaves to amplify their chirps

[Ask the Science Couch]

Quietest period in history of the Earth (of all time & anthropocene)

https://www.curtin.edu.au/news/media-release/earths-mid-life-crisis-new-research-backs-lull-geologic-record/

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-017-0051-y

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1342937X13000506?via%3Dihub

https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/07/23/1005574/lockdown-was-the-longest-period-of-quiet-in-human-history/

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abd2438

[Butt One More Thing]

Unplanned 9/11 study shows whale poop stress levels associated with ship noise 

https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/unplanned-911-analysis-links-noise-whale-stress/2012/02/14/gIQAmQnlPR_story.html

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2011.2429

Oil: it's a ubiquitous substance humans have been relying on for longer than you might think. We cook with it, we moisturize with it, we run machines with it - it keeps slipping into places we least expect to find it, for good and for ill... 

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

 

[The Gauntlet]

Original Crisco oil plant

Company that produces Crisco

Process to turn liquid oil into solid

Fair Packaging and Labeling Act decade

Upton Sinclair book

Two oils in modern Crisco

Kream Krisp vs. Crisco

[Trivia Question]

Value of Spanish extra virgin olive oil stolen in August 2023

https://www.cnbc.com/2023/09/19/olive-oil-prices-surge-over-100percent-leading-to-cooking-oil-thefts.html

https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/spanish-police-seize-74-tonnes-stolen-olives-amid-soaring-prices-2023-10-06/

[Fact Off]

Russell Martin Bliss contaminated Times Beach, Missouri with waste oil to stop dust

Using human/animal hair to adsorb oil spills

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/7/7/52

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2213343715000330

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1998/04/980424032349.htm

https://time.com/6262631/philippines-oil-spill-cleanup-hair/

[Ask the Science Couch]

Saturated/unsaturated fat chemistry and how they influence bloodstream lipids

https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/03%3A_Biological_Macromolecules/3.03%3A_Lipid_Molecules_-_Introduction#

https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/how-its-made-cholesterol-production-in-your-body

https://openheart.bmj.com/content/5/2/e000871

[Butt One More Thing]

Mineral oil used as a lubricant laxative

https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/laxative-oral-route/before-using/drg-20070683?p=1

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2804525/

What's that you spy on the horizon, just out of sight? If you have a telescope handy, you can hone your gaze on...more telescopes! From pocket spyglasses to Extremely Large (a real telescope name), join us and special guest Julian Huguet as we set our sights on the far-reaching world of these incredible devices. How we wonder what they are...

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

 

[Truth or Fail]

Finding llamas with telescope vibration

Predicting weather with telescopes and clouds

Tracking bees with LIDAR

[Trivia Question]

Space Telescope Transporter for Air, Road, and Sea (or STTARS) length https://www.nasa.gov/universe/how-to-ship-the-worlds-largest-space-telescope-5800-miles-across-the-ocean/

https://www.nasa.gov/missions/webb/follow-the-sttars-to-find-nasas-webb-telescope/

[Fact Off]

Artificial guide stars made from lasers for optical telescopes on Earth 

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/811748

https://www.llnl.gov/news/guide-star-leads-sharper-astronomical-images

https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/aot-2014-0025/html

https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1953PASP...65..229B&data_type=PDF_HIGH

Gravitational lensing and turning space itself into a telescope

[Ask the Science Couch]

The history of radio telescopes (first non-optical telescope)

https://massivesci.com/articles/radio-astronomy-sagittarius-karl-jansky/

https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/2005ASPC..345....3J

https://public.nrao.edu/news/silent-as-the-night-why-radio-astronomy-doesnt-listen-to-the-sky

https://science.nasa.gov/ems/05_radiowaves/

[Butt One More Thing]

Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) & Gamma-Ray Urgent Archiver for Novel Opportunities (GUANO)

https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020ApJ...900...35T/abstract

https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2004-047A

Click here to check out the limited-time-only Tangents t-shirt inspired by this episode! https://store.dftba.com/products/shirt-of-the-month-shrimp-battery

Batteries are all around us, in things we use all the time, and in all different shapes and sizes, so of course we know exactly how they all work, right? Nope! Not even close! The bizarre breadth of our battery banter includes Ben Franklin, tiny computers, and...shrimp? 

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

 

[Trivia Question]

Oxford Electric Bell battery lifespan

https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/52147/what%E2%80%99s-world%E2%80%99s-longest-running-science-experiment

https://archwww.physics.ox.ac.uk/history/Exhibit1.html

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/mystery-continuously-functioning-battery-1840-180954028/

https://x.com/UniofOxford/status/1610593348464640001?s=20

[Fact Off]

Edible battery for sustainability (and maybe child safety)

https://academic.oup.com/jimb/article/45/5/313/5996662

https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/05/researchers-craft-a-fully-edible-battery/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36919977/

https://www.popsci.com/technology/edible-battery-prototype/

https://www.connecticutchildrens.org/ear-nose-and-throat/what-to-do-if-your-child-swallows-or-ingests-a-button-battery/#:~:text=Every%20year%2C%20about%202%2C500%20kids,stomach%2C%20it%20can%20be%20fatal.

https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/08/31/491947946/how-an-edible-battery-could-power-medical-robots-you-swallow

Platypus electroreception study using batteries

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3945317/

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-03-12-vw-18644-story.html

https://www.jstor.org/stable/56002?typeAccessWorkflow=login

https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/202/10/1447/8186/Electroreception-in-monotremes

[Ask the Science Couch]

Grid-scale storage with batteries

https://www.iea.org/energy-system/electricity/grid-scale-storage

https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy19osti/74426.pdf

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032122001368

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352152X17304437

https://www.science.org/content/article/new-generation-flow-batteries-could-eventually-sustain-grid-powered-sun-and-wind

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1364032113005418?via%3Dihub

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/rechargeable-molten-salt-battery-freezes-energy-in-place-for-long-term-storage/

[Butt One More Thing]

Microbial battery with exoelectrogens and poop water

https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1307327110

https://www.theverge.com/2013/9/19/4747532/scientists-use-poop-to-generate-electricity

Trick or Treat Month returns... and this time it's personal! Join us for another month of spooky themes and special surprise guest apparitions! Try not to get too scared!

And so we close the ancient, flesh-bound spell book on another Trick or Treat Month... but we're going out on top, baby! Alexis Nikole Nelson has appeared, as if by magic, to lead us into the deep, dark woods and point out all the slimy, sticky, gross stuff on the ground that she says we can eat. I guess I trust her! 

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[This or That]

Round 1 - Blue glowing slime

https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/tube-worm-slime-displays-long-lasting-self-powered-glow

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5103273/

Round 2 - Eating parents? slime

https://animalmicrobiome.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42523-023-00243-x

https://www.wired.co.uk/article/caecilians-limbless-amphibian-skin-feeding-young-cloaca

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101029104603.htm

https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pmic.200500591

Round 3 - Snottites

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3246232/

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/see-the-ugly-beauty-that-lives-in-a-toxic-cave

Round 4 - Mating plug

https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/218/9/1410/14572/Size-dependence-in-non-sperm-ejaculate-production

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1005596707591

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1564092/

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/mrd.22689

[Trivia Tiebreaker]

Hagfish slime on road

https://www.southernfriedscience.com/your-car-has-just-been-crushed-by-hagfish-frequently-asked-questions/

[Ask the Science Couch]

Slime molds and biocomputers

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/physarum-polycephalum

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-55749-9

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5755296/

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12668-014-0156-3

https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23713-slime-mould-could-make-memristors-for-biocomputers/

https://techhq.com/2023/04/biocomputers-an-alternative-to-quantum-computing/

[Butt One More Thing]

Bird nestling fecal sac / mucus membrane 

https://www.audubon.org/news/what-are-fecal-sacs-bird-diapers-basically

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jav.00353

Trick or Treat Month returns... and this time it's personal! Join us for another month of spooky themes and special surprise guest apparitions! Try not to get too scared!

Our yearly cavalcade of terror rolls on with a new Grand Marshall of Terror: podcaster, author, and mad genius Dan Schreiber! And he's here to tell us about the weirdest, creepiest, most otherworldly theories ever devised of! There are lots of science-y ideas out there, and not all of them can be right, after all!  

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Trivia Question]

The Classification of Quasithin Groups page number

https://www.livescience.com/33628-funny-physics-theorems-names.html

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/researchers-race-to-rescue-the-enormous-theorem-before-its-giant-proof-vanishes/

https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Classification_of_Quasithin_Groups.html?id=KC0ZAQAAIAAJ

https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20893-prize-awarded-for-largest-mathematical-proof/

[Fact Off]

Infinite monkey theorem test in a zoo

https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/PATENTS-IN-AN-ERA-OF-INFINITE-MONKEYS-AND-ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE.pdf

https://www.npr.org/sections/13.7/2013/12/10/249726951/the-infinite-monkey-theorem-comes-to-life

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/3013959.stm

https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/may/09/science.arts

Nostradamus: predictions & jam & benzoic acid

[Ask the Science Couch]

Theory of mind & false belief tests

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3629913/

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioral-and-brain-sciences/article/does-the-chimpanzee-have-a-theory-of-mind/1E96B02CD9850016B7C93BC6D2FEF1D0

https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2010-18540-002

https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_91

[Butt One More Thing]

Freudian developmental theory & the anal stage

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557526/

Trick or Treat Month returns... and this time it's personal! Join us for another month of spooky themes and special surprise guest apparitions! Try not to get too scared!

This year's ghastly Grand Guignol of science and screams begins at the end: the tomb! And we dug up an old friend, Dimension 20's Siobhan Thompson, to guide us deep into the cursed catacombs of knowledge! 

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

Visit HENSONSHAVING.com/TANGENTS to pick the razor for you and use code TANGENTS and you?ll get two years' worth of blades free! 

A big part of being a human is that you get progressively more gross as the day goes on. Various parts start stinking, hair grows all over your face, you're touching who-knows-what... luckily for all of us, someone a long time ago decided to invent hygiene! Otherwise we'd have to lick ourselves like cats!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Definition] 

History of hygiene https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2542893/ [Trivia Question] Pelagic thresher sharks visit blue-streaked cleaner wrasse stations https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0014755 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/sharks-rays-and-climate-change-impacts-habitat-prey-distribution-and-health 

[Fact Off] 

Bronze Age ivory lice comb with Canaanite language 

https://jjar.huji.ac.il/sites/default/files/jjar/files/jjar2_art4_lachish_p76-119_2022-10-12_01.pdf https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/4000-year-old-head-lice-comb-found-inscribed-with-phrase-using-the-alphabet https://www.sciencenews.org/article/canaanite-comb-lice-israel-alphabet 

Tampon Task Force & menstrual hygiene https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5436965/ https://catalystjournal.org/index.php/catalyst/article/view/28788/_9 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYXUQDzSg4o&feature=youtu.be https://srh.bmj.com/content/early/2023/07/03/bmjsrh-2023-201895 https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/997629 

[Ask the Science Couch] 

Antiperspirant aluminum compounds - how they work & are they harmful 

https://cen.acs.org/articles/90/i27/Deodorants-Antiperspirants.html https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3813027/ https://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/features/antiperspirant-facts-safety https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-advertisers-convinced-americans-they-smelled-bad-12552404/ 

[Butt One More Thing] 

Mandrills teach their children hygienic behaviors to avoid peri-anal parasites 

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2022.2349 https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/979546

Sam's out this week, but worry not: he found another Sam to replace him! Sam Jones, host of the podcast Tiny Matters that is! Sam and her co-host, our own Deboki Chakravarti, join Ceri and Hank in our first ever team-based episode of Tangents! Two teams enter, one team leaves! 

What more Tiny Matters? Check out the podcast here: https://www.acs.org/pressroom/tiny-matters.html! 

And check out Deboki at https://twitter.com/okidoki_boki , and Sam at https://twitter.com/samjscience

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you?ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we?ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Truth or Fail Express]

Project Gasbuggy 

https://www.nytimes.com/1970/02/22/archives/project-gasbuggy-and-catch85-thats-krypton85-one-of-the-radioactive.html

https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,899941,00.html

https://books.google.com/books?id=g9QDAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22project+gasbuggy%22&pg=PA102#v=onepage&q=%22project%20gasbuggy%22&f=false

Operation Big Itch

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13623699908409460

https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/biological/bigitch.pdf

Operation North Pole (Project Cirrus)

https://www.ge.com/news/reports/cool-science-vonnegut-ge-research

https://alachuacounty.us/Depts/epd/EPAC/General%20Electric%20History%20Of%20Project%20Cirrus%20July%201952%20ORIGINAL.pdf

Brilliant Pebbles

https://www.llnl.gov/archives/1980s/brilliant-pebbles

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/clementine/in-depth/

https://highfrontier.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/The-Rise-and-Fall-of-Brilliant-Pebbles-Baucom.pdf

[Ask the Science Couch]

Smallest organisms: ultramicrobacteria and Candidate Phyla Radiation

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9297842/

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0026261712040054

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC243725/

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsme2/16/2/16_2_67/_article

https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms7372

https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2015/02/27/ultra-small-bacteria/  

[Butt One More Thing]

Big-bottomed ants (Atta laevigata / hormiga culona) 

https://www.atlasobscura.com/foods/big-bottomed-ants-hormigas-culonas

https://books.google.com/books?id=NebIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT187&lpg=PT187

https://www.fondazioneslowfood.com/en/ark-of-taste-slow-food/da-tradurreformica-culona/