SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 47 *Are black holes from before the Big Bang shaping the Universe A new study suggests that ancient black holes from before the big bang may be shaping the universe. The idea is that the cosmos goes through eternal never ending cycles of expanding out from a big bang and then eventually collapsing in a big crunch which triggers another big band and so on. *The bathtub ring hinting at an ancient Martian ocean Scientists have identified geological features on Mars that appear to point to a vast sea shore or coast line stretching around the red planet?s northern hemisphere. *A just award for studying the stars The bi-annual Berenice and Arthur Page Medal winners for excellence in amateur astronomy for 2026 have been presented to Chris Stockdale, Jonathan Bradshaw and Renato Langersek at the Annual National Australian Convention of Amateur Astronomers in Tamworth. *The Science Report Study shows heart risk patterns of obesity differ between men and women. Ancient rock art shows Tasmanian Tigers roamed the main land as recently as 1000 years ago. Claims Australia?s most famous dinosaur ? Muttaburrasaurus ? might have been a picky eater. Skeptics guide to Russia?s UFO study.
Our Guests This Week: Astronomical Society of Australia Page Medal winner Jonathan Bradshaw Purdue University engineer Carolin Frueh   And our regular guests: Alex Zaharov-Reutt from techadvice.life Tim Mendham from Australian Skeptics   ? Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ? www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it?s risk-free with Nord?s 30-day money-back guarantee! ?   If you?d like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content by becoming a SpaceTime crew member, you can do just that through premium versions on Patreon, Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Details on the Support page on our website  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/   For more SpaceTime and show links: https://linktr.ee/biteszHQ If you love this podcast, please get someone else to listen to. Thank you?   For more podcasts visit our HQ at https://bitesz.com

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 46 *Discovery of over eleven thousand new asteroids Preliminary data from the Vera C. Rubin Observatory has led to the discovery of over 11,000 new asteroids. *Confirmation that the Earth was made locally A new study has shown that planet Earth was formed from materials located in the inner solar system rather than stuff from beyond Jupiter. *Virgin Galactic?s new spaceship to be flying before the end of the year Space tourism company Virgin Galactic says work on the first of its new Delta class spacecraft will be completed within a few weeks. and construction of the second of these sub orbital space planes is now underway. *The Science Report Could routine be key to successful weight loss. A new study has found that Tyrannosaurus Rex walked and ran on their tippy toes. The Australian Army?s new Huntsman Self-Propelled Howitzers now rolling off the production line. Skeptics guide to monsters in the railroad yard.   Our Guests This Week: DSN Spokesperson Rhianna Lyons from the CSIRO Sean Hodgman from the Australian National University Yogesh Sridhar from the Australian National University   And our regular guests: Alex Zaharov-Reutt from techadvice.life Tim Mendham from Australian Skeptics       ? Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ? www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it?s risk-free with Nord?s 30-day money-back guarantee! ?   If you?d like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content by becoming a SpaceTime crew member, you can do just that through premium versions on Patreon, Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Details on the Support page on our website  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/   For more SpaceTime and show links: https://linktr.ee/biteszHQ If you love this podcast, please get someone else to listen to. Thank you?   For more podcasts visit our HQ at https://bitesz.com

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 45 *The South Atlantic anomaly is growing ? are the planet?s poles about to flip A new study has confirmed that a gigantic weak spot in planet Earth?s protective magnetic field known as the South Atlantic anomaly is growing ever larger. *New study narrows down the mostly likely locations for water on the Moon A new study suggests water likely accumulated on the Moon slowly over billions of years, rather than during one big event. *Pairs of atoms observed existing in two places at once for the first time Quantum physicists have observed pairs of atoms entangled in two different places at once for the first time. *The Science Report Claims King Harold's legendary 200-mile march to the Battle of Hastings in 1066 never happened. A new study has shown that the world? earliest known octopus fossil isn?t actually an octopus. Artificial Intelligence hardware is changing how fast large language models respond. Alex on Tech: On device AI has arrived.

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 44
*NASA?s Artemis II returns to Earth after its historic mission to the Moon NASA?s Artemis II mission has returned safely to Earth following its historic journey around the Moon. The four person crew splashed down in the North Pacific Ocean off the San Diego coast ending the ten day record setting flight which saw them travel further from mother Earth than humans have ever ventured before. *Astronomers have discovered the most primitive star ever seen Astronomers have identified one of the earliest stars ever seen; and the nearest candidate yet found to the first generation of stars created out the primordial material of the big bang. *Fireball spotted over Victoria, Australia Residents in Rutherglen have reported a large green-tailed fireball streaking across the Victorian skies. It?s the latest is a spate of meteor sightings over the past month or so with others reported in Germany, Ohio, Texas, and Washington State.. *The Science Report A new study has shown that summer is arriving earlier, lasting longer and packing more heat. Scientists say people with obstructive sleep apnoea have a 71% higher risk of heart issues or death. The Australian Navy getting a new fleet of 40 Bluebottle unmanned warships. Skeptics guide to the creep of creationism in schools Our Guests This Week: DSN Spokesperson Rhianna Lyons from the CSIRO Sean Hodgman from the Australian National University Yogesh Sridhar from the Australian National University   And our regular guests: Alex Zaharov-Reutt from techadvice.life Tim Mendham from Australian Skeptics       ? Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ? www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it?s risk-free with Nord?s 30-day money-back guarantee! ?   If you?d like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content by becoming a SpaceTime crew member, you can do just that through premium versions on Patreon, Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Details on the Support page on our website  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 43 *Climate change is slowing Earth's spin at an unprecedented rate A new study has found that climate change is slowing the Earth rotation at an unprecedented rate compared to past 3.6 million years *Magnetic waves discovered deep inside the Sun Scientists have detected large scale magnetic waves moving deep inside the Sun. The discovery reported in the journal Nature Astronomy could help scientists predict solar activity. *Mystery medical evacuation from space station finally explained That mystery medical evacuation from the International Space Station earlier this year has finally been explained. *April SkyWatch The splendours of the Southern Cross and its two pointer stars Alpha and Beta Centauri, the blue Supergiant Canopus and the Lyrids meteor shower are among the highlights of the April night skies on SkyWatch.   Our Guests This Week: Artemis lunar science lead Kelsey Young from NASA?s Goddard Space Flight Centre   And our regular guests: Alex Zaharov-Reutt from techadvice.life Tim Mendham from Australian Skeptics And Senior science writer and Sky and Telescope magazine contributor Jonathan Nally   ? Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ? www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it?s risk-free with Nord?s 30-day money-back guarantee! ?   If you?d like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content by becoming a SpaceTime crew member, you can do just that through premium versions on Patreon, Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Details on the Support page on our website  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 42 *NASA looking at nine possible landing sites for man?s return to the Moon NASA have narrowed down their list of possible landing sites for their return of humans to the lunar surface. The Artemis IV mission will target one of nine possible landing sites around the lunar south pole. *Saturn's weird magnetic shield A new study has found that Saturn?s magnetosphere ? the magnetic bubble surrounding the ringed world ? is lopsided. *Concerns grow as a Starlink satellite explodes in orbit SpaceX are still trying to determine what caused the sudden break up of a Starlink broad band communication satellite last week. *The Science Report Climate change to push more venomous snakes towards populated communities. Germany checking out Australia?s MQ-28 Ghost Bat autonomous combat aircraft. Teens turning to artificial intelligence for emotional support, validation, and companionship. Alex on Tech new Intel CPU ? Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ? www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it?s risk-free with Nord?s 30-day money-back guarantee! ?   If you?d like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content by becoming a SpaceTime crew member, you can do just that through premium versions on Patreon, Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Details on the Support page on our website  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/   For more SpaceTime and show links: https://linktr.ee/biteszHQ If you love this podcast, please get someone else to listen to. Thank you?

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 41 *Human?s finally flying back to the Moon after a break of over half a century Humans have returned to the Moon for the first time in over half a century. The historic Artemis II mission blasted off from space launch complex 39B at the Kennedy Space Centre in Florida carrying four crew members aboard the Orion spacecraft Integrity on a ten day mission around the Moon and back. *Could gravitational waves be the origin of dark matter A new study suggests that gravitational waves could be responsible for the production of dark matter during the early phases of the formation of the cosmos. *Yet another large meteor sighting ? should we be concerned? There?s been yet another large meteor sighting ? this time in the Pacific northwest of the United States. *The Science Report Growing evidence vaping causes cancer just like cigarettes and other tobacco and nicotine products. Australia and New Zealand have the highest prevalence of sexual violence against kids in the world. The first South Australian made guided missiles come off the production line in Port Wakefield. Skeptics guide to Australia?s most haunted house

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 40 *Using archaeology to study the history of galaxies like the Milky Way Astronomers have for the first time used what they?re calling galactic archaeology to trace the history of a galaxy beyond our own galaxy the Milky Way. *Europe reconnects with its lost Proba-3 spacecraft The European Space Agency has finally re-established contact with one of the spacecraft in its Proba 3 mission. *Using blue-green algae to grow food on Mars Scientists have used a cyanobacteria-based fertilizer could grow food in a simulated Mars environment. *The Science Report A new study warns that abstinence could affect sperm quality. Scientists recover ancient Pinot Noir grape pips almost 600 years old. New study shows many birds are boozing on the human equivalent of a beer every day. Skeptics guide to Age of Disclosure.     Our Guests This Week: NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman Dr. Lori Glaze acting associate administrator for NASA's Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate Carlos Garcia-Galan program executive in charge of NASA?s Moon Base Project. Jasmin Plattner from ZARM -- the Center for Applied Space Technology and Microgravity ZARM research scientist Tiago Ramalho from the University of Bremen.   And our regular guests: Alex Zaharov-Reutt from techadvice.life Tim Mendham from Australian Skeptics   ? Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ? www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it?s risk-free with Nord?s 30-day money-back guarantee! ?   If you?d like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content by becoming a SpaceTime crew member, you can do just that through premium versions on Patreon, Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Details on the Support page on our website  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/   For more SpaceTime and show links: https://linktr.ee/biteszHQ

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 39 *Gateway space station axed in favour of a base on the Moon ? Part 2 In the second part of our special report on the pausing of construction on the Lunar Gateway space station project, we?ll detail the plans to build a permanent base at the Moon?s south pole. The seven year 20 billion dollar project will see more than thirty spacecraft sent to the Moon to deploy rovers, equipment, habitat modules and of course people. *Extending the life of the International Space Station As part of NASA?s new Ignition program the International space Station will have its life extended until at least 2032. *Nuclear powered spacecraft to fly in 2028 In December 2028 NASA will launch the Space Reactor?1 Freedom, the first nuclear powered interplanetary spacecraft which will journey to Mars demonstrating advanced nuclear electric propulsion in deep space. *Yet another meteor sighting ? this time in Texas There?s been yet another large meteor sighting this time in Texas. It?s the third major meteor event in the past month. Last week, a large meteor air burst above Ohio, and the week before another exploded in the skies above northern Europe with fragments raining down across northern Germany. *The Science Report Australia's environment experienced above average conditions for the fifth year in a row. The world?s most detailed cellular atlas of early-stage prostate cancer. New study shows Tik Tok users have difficulty with their concentration and emotions. Alex on Tech Sora killed off.

? Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ? www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it?s risk-free with Nord?s 30-day money-back guarantee! ?   If you?d like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content by becoming a SpaceTime crew member, you can do just that through premium versions on Patreon, Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Details on the Support page on our website  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/   For more SpaceTime and show links: https://linktr.ee/biteszHQ If you love this podcast, please get someone else to listen to. Thank you?  

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 38 *Gateway space station axed in favour of a base on the Moon ? Part 1 In this special report, we?ll look at NASA?s decision to pause construction of the Lunar Gateway space station project in favour of accelerating plans to build a permanent base at the Moon?s south pole. Forget everything you?ve heard until now! NASA is shifting focus totally on a new endeavour named Ignition which is designed to achieve US President Donald Trump?s National Space Policy with the aim of establishing a permanent human presence on the Moon. The seven year 20 billion dollar project will see more than thirty spacecraft sent to the Moon to deploy rovers, equipment, habitat modules and of course people. *A New Artemis Mission As part of these changes the cadence of Artemis flights to the Moon will increase to at least one surface landing every year. And the configuration of the 98 metre tall SLS Space Launch System moon rocket will be standardised with the use of a Centaur V upper stage replacing both the current Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage and the planned Exploration Upper Stage. *Cosmonauts forced take control of a Russian Progress cargo ship Cosmonauts aboard the International Space Station were forced to take control of a Russian Progress cargo ship and dock the spacecraft manually after two of its KURS automated rendezvous antennas failed to deploy. *The Science Report Planet Earth has just experienced its 11 hottest years on record. Scientist have created a novel organism which has developed a primitive nervous system. Study shows people have been living with dogs as companions for over 14 thousand years. Skeptics guide to the ghost face in the northern lights

Our Guests This Week: NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman Dr. Lori Glaze acting associate administrator for NASA's Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate Carlos Garcia-Galan program executive in charge of NASA?s Moon Base Project. Jasmin Plattner from ZARM -- the Center for Applied Space Technology and Microgravity ZARM research scientist Tiago Ramalho from the University of Bremen.   And our regular guests: Alex Zaharov-Reutt from techadvice.life Tim Mendham from Australian Skeptics   ? Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ? www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it?s risk-free with Nord?s 30-day money-back guarantee! ?   If you?d like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content by becoming a SpaceTime crew member, you can do just that through premium versions on Patreon, Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Details on the Support page on our website  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/   For more SpaceTime and show links: https://linktr.ee/biteszHQ

Sponsor Link:
This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Squarespace...your one-stop solution for building a professional online presence with ease. To explore our special offers, just visit www.squarespace.com/spacetime

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 37 *Solving one of the mysteries of the Small Magellanic Cloud Astronomers may have finally solved one of the many mysteries of the Small Magellanic Cloud ? a satellite dwarf galaxy the orbits the Milky Way. *Protecting astronauts from radiation in deep space NASA?s first manned mission to the moon in over half a century has been rolled out back to the launch pad and is now slated for launch on April first. *Another step forward in growing food in space Scientists have been putting their astronomical green thumbs to the test by trying to grow plants in simulated lunar and Martian soils. *The Science Report Study shows teen bullies are more likely to suffer faster biological ageing and obesity. Three new species of Australian rock-dwelling monitor lizards have been formally described. The spray-on fabric coating that can clean clothing without detergent. Skeptics guide to Florida?s skunk ape.   https://spacetimewithstuartgary.com  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/   This week?s guests include: Dr Trevor Lafleur from the University of New South Wales NASA Meteoroid Environment Office Lead Dr Bill Cooke from the Marshall Space Flight Centre Cryosat Principal Investigator Duncan Wingham University College London Ralph Cordey from EADS Astrium Research fellow Katharine Giles University College London   And our regular guests: Alex Zaharov-Reutt from techadvice.life Tim Mendham from Australian Skeptics   ? Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ? www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it?s risk-free with Nord?s 30-day money-back guarantee! ?   If you?d like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content by becoming a SpaceTime crew member, you can do just that through premium versions on Patreon, Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Details on the Support page on our website  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/   For more SpaceTime and show links: https://linktr.ee/biteszHQ If you love this podcast, please get someone else to listen to. Thank you?   For more podcasts visit our HQ at https://bitesz.com

Sponsor Link:
This episode of SpaceTime is brought to with the support of Squarespace. Take your ideas online the easy way. Build a professioanl website...anyone can do it! Give it a try for free by visiting www.squarespace.com/spacetime

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 36 *How to tell gas giants from brown dwarfs A new study has found that giant planets spin faster than their cosmic brown dwarfs lookalikes. *A nuclear power station on the Moon gets the green light NASA and the U.S. Department of Energy have renewed their partnership to develop a nuclear fission reactor to power a permanent base on the lunar surface by 2030. *Using an ice satellite to detect powerful geomagnetic storms The European Space Agency?s Cryosat spacecraft has accurately measured the impact of resent geomagnetic storm activity from the Sun as it slammed into Earth?s magnetic field.. *The Science Report New study shows that higher air pollution levels increase the risk of physical disabilities. Working out someone?s mood by the way they walk. Over half of teens admit that they?ve created at least one image using AI nudification tools. Alex on Tech: Portable data centres on their way down under.

For more SpaceTime visit www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

Sponsor Link:
This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Squarespace...your one stop for building a professional online presence the easy way. To check out our special offers, just visit www.squarespace.com/spacetime

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 35 *The black hole merger that sent ripples through spacetime Scientists have detected the merger of a pair of stellar mass black holes which was quickly followed seconds later by a powerful gamma ray burst.. *A new type of ion propulsion system for spacecraft Scientists are developing a new type of ion propulsion system for spacecraft which would be easier to produce and provide better performance than current xenon based plasma systems. *Thousands watch a fireball streak across the Ohio skies Residents across North Eastern Ohio have seen a spectacular day time meteor streak across the skies. *The Science Report Study shows Greenland?s Ice dome melted over 7,000 years ago.. Warnings of worsening human health impacts from the production of plastics. Scientists discover the region of the brain responsible for controlling hypocrisy. Skeptics guide to America?s growing belief in flying saucers.

For more SpaceTime visit www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 34 *NASA's Van Allen Probe A comes to a fiery end After a mission lasting some 14 years, NASA's Van Allen Probe A spacecraft has re-entered Earth?s atmosphere in a fiery death plunge burning up over the Pacific Ocean. *NASA Mobile Launcher 2 on hold Last week?s announcement of changes to the Artemis Moon launch schedule has now resulted in NASA pulling the plug on further work on its Mobile Launcher two project which has been under construction at the Kennedy Space Centre in Florida for two years. *Spectacular failure for Japanese rocket . SpaceOne have failed in their third attempt to become the first private Japanese company to put a satellite in orbit. *The Science Report New warnings that the rate of climate change has surged since 2015. The first patient to be surgically connected to a genetically modified pig liver. Why some domestic cats are prone to chronic kidney disease. Skeptics guide to the FBI investigating Big Foot.   https://spacetimewithstuartgary.com  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/   This week?s guests include: Linda Losurdo from the University of Sydney Van Allan probes Deputy Project Scientist Nicky Fox from the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory   And our regular guests: Alex Zaharov-Reutt from techadvice.life Tim Mendham from Australian Skeptics   ? Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ? www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it?s risk-free with Nord?s 30-day money-back guarantee! ?  

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 33 *What the birth of our Sun tells us about the evolution of our galaxy Astronomers studying the birth and early evolution of the Sun have uncovered how the shape of our galaxy has changed dramatically over the past few billion years.. *Making cosmic dust in the lab. A new study examining how the building blocks of life are formed in extreme deep space environments has created cosmic dust in a laboratory. *China selects a landing site for its first manned mission to the Moon Beijing has identified four possible landing sites for China's first manned mission to the lunar surface. *The Science Report The new Super K flu strain that?s beating vaccinations. A new study has shown that taking a daily multivitamin could help slow biological ageing. Social media and video games linked to poorer developmental outcomes in kids and teens. Alex on Tech: Norton scam genie

? Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ? www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it?s risk-free with Nord?s 30-day money-back guarantee! ?   If you?d like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content by becoming a SpaceTime crew member, you can do just that through premium versions on Patreon, Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Details on the Support page on our website  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/   For more SpaceTime and show links: https://linktr.ee/biteszHQ If you love this podcast, please get someone else to listen to. Thank you?

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 32 *The birth of a magnetar seen for the first time Astronomers have for the first time seen the birth of a magnetar ? a highly magnetized, spinning neutron star. *Rewriting the textbooks on the history of the Moon A new study claims the lunar near and far sides experienced similar levels of asteroid and meteor bombardment, despite the very different appearances of the two. *Spectacular fireball light up the skies of Europe The European Space Agency is analysing a spectacular fireball which lit up the skies over Europe last week dropping debris all along its trajectory. *The Science Report Study shows little science showing cannabis can help people with mental health conditions. Australia?s digital ID scheme moves to phase II forcing some adults to adopt it. The weird ancient crocodile that walked on two legs. Skeptics guide to predicting the end of the world.

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

Sponsor Links
This episode is brought to you by Squarespace. When it's time to get online you need Squarespace to make the process straightforward and easy. To check out how they can help you and our special offer to get started, visit www.squarespace.com/spacetime

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 31   *Planet Earth?s balance is shifting A new study claims planet Earth?s balance is shifting with the Northern Hemisphere absorbing significantly more solar energy than the Southern Hemisphere -- a shift that could reshape global weather patterns. *A unique insight into the Sun?s inner life Astronomers discover that the Sun?s internal structure changes from one solar cycle minimum to the next. *Landsat 9: More than just a picture For over 50 years, the Landsat program has provided the longest continuous satellite record of Earth's land surface from space. *The Science Report New warnings about the bleak future for Victoria?s critically endangered Brush-tailed rock-wallabies. Study shows teens who use cannabis are more likely to develop psychiatric disorders. Research shows bird watchers develop denser attention and perception-related areas in their brains. Skeptics guide to Elon Musk?s opinion on UFOs   https://spacetimewithstuartgary.com  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/   This week?s guests include: Professor Michele Trenti from the University of Melbourne Artemis II astronaut Christina Cook Artemis II astronaut Jeremy Hanson Orion and Artemis systems food lab manager Ashua Ook NASA Artemis flight controller Wyatt Mckinley    And our regular guests: Alex Zaharov-Reutt from techadvice.life Tim Mendham from Australian Skeptics And senior science writer and Sky and Telescope magazine contributor Jonathan Nally   ? Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ? www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it?s risk-free with Nord?s 30-day money-back guarantee! ?  

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

Sponsor Link
This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Squarespace - your one stop when you're ready to build an online presence with ease. To take up our special offer and help support the show, visit www.squarespace.com/spacetime

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 30 *Solar superstorm hits the red planet Over the past few years planet Earth has been slammed by a series of violent solar storms erupting from the Sun as it transitioned through solar max the climax of its eleven year solar cycle. But what happens when these same storms hit Mars? *Recent tectonic activity discovered on the Moon Scientists have produced the first global map and analysis of small mare ridges seen on the surface of the Moon. *Repair work underway on NASA?s Artemis II manned Moon rocket Work is continuing to repair NASA?s Artemis II rocket as mission managers prepare to return humans to lunar orbit for the first time in over 50 years. *The Science Report Kids who consume more ultra-processed foods more likely to have issues with behaviour and emotions. New clues about how primates ? including humans ? evolved. New hope for banana lovers as the threat of Panama disease continues to challenge the Cavendish variety. Alex on Tech new MacBook Neo.

? Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ? www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it?s risk-free with Nord?s 30-day money-back guarantee! ?   If you?d like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content by becoming a SpaceTime crew member, you can do just that through premium versions on Patreon, Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Details on the Support page on our website  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/

Sponsor Links:
This episode of SpaceTime is presented with the support of Squarespace....your one stop for when you're ready to get online. To chek our special discount offers, simply voisit www.squarespace.com/spactime and use the cou[on code SPACETIME at checkout.

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 29 *Earliest known barred spiral galaxy Our Milky Way galaxy is known as a barred spiral, and debate continues on exactly how the bar section at the heart of these types of galaxies form and evolve. Now astronomers have discovered one of the earliest barred spiral galaxies ever seen. *Australia's SpIRIT satellite mission comes to an end After more than 25 months of successful operations in space, the University of Melbourne?s SpIRIT satellite mission has come to an end. *International Space Station to remain in orbit an additional two years International Space Station is now expected to remain in orbit for an additional two years extending its operational life to 2032. *The Science Report Climate is likely to see neutral El Ni?o/La Ni?a conditions until at least the middle of the year. New research into the mating habits between Neanderthals and modern human. The diverse range of foods eaten across Europe thousands of years ago. Skeptics guide to claims smoking cures cancer.

For more SpaceTime visit www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary - Series 29 Episode 28
In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into the groundbreaking mapping of Uranus's upper atmosphere, the European Space Agency's innovative Planetary Defense Fly Eye Telescope, and NASA's critical findings on Boeing's Starliner spacecraft.
Mapping Uranus's Upper Atmosphere
A new study has successfully created a three-dimensional map of Uranus's upper atmosphere, revealing how the ice giant's unusual magnetic field influences its auroral activity. This detailed mapping, reported in Geophysical Research Letters, shows emissions from molecules located up to 5,000 kilometers above the cloud tops, confirming a cooling trend over the past 30 years. The research highlights the complex dynamics of Uranus's magnetosphere, which is tilted and offset, leading to unique auroral patterns unlike any other planet in our solar system.
ESA's Fly Eye Telescope for Planetary Defense
The European Space Agency is developing the Fly Eye Telescope, designed to detect Near Earth Objects (NEOs) that could pose a threat to Earth. Inspired by the compound eye of insects, this innovative telescope uses a unique design to scan vast areas of the sky efficiently, identifying potential impact risks. With plans for a network of these telescopes, ESA aims to enhance our capability to monitor and mitigate the dangers posed by asteroids and comets.
Nasa's Scathing Robert on Boeing's Starliner
NASA has released a critical report detailing the failures of Boeing's CST-100 Starliner spacecraft, highlighting engineering vulnerabilities and internal mistakes that jeopardized crew safety. The investigation found Starliner less reliable for crew survival compared to other manned spacecraft, leading to a recommendation that no further crewed flights occur until all technical issues are resolved. The report underscores the need for stringent oversight in space missions to ensure astronaut safety.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Geophysical Research Letters
Support our podcast: Become a supporter.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 27
In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the potential explosion of a massive star, NASA's innovative mission to study Earth's auroras, and the latest setbacks for the Artemis 2 lunar mission.
Supernova on the Horizon
Astronomers are buzzing with excitement as WOHG 64, one of the largest stars known, shows signs of impending supernova activity. Located 163,000 light years away in the Large Magellanic Cloud, this red supergiant is shedding its outer layers and transitioning toward its explosive end. With a luminosity 282,000 times that of the sun and an estimated size 1,500 times greater, WOHG 64's dramatic evolution raises questions about the lifecycle of massive stars and the nature of supernovae.
Nasa's CINEMA Mission to Study Auroras
NASA is set to launch the CINEMA mission in 2030, aiming to unravel the mysteries of Earth's auroras and the role of the magnetotail in their formation. This innovative mission will consist of nine small satellites designed to gather data on the dynamics of auroral activity and the magnetosphere. By combining particle measurements and imaging, CINEMA will provide insights into auroral substorms and their connection to explosive magnetic events, enhancing our understanding of space weather and its impact on technology.
Artemis 2 Mission Delayed
NASA has rolled back the Artemis 2 moon rocket into the vehicle assembly building due to issues with the helium system, further delaying the mission aimed at returning humans to lunar orbit for the first time in over 50 years. This rollback follows earlier delays related to the liquid hydrogen fuel system and other minor technical issues. With the crewed mission now facing additional setbacks, NASA continues to work diligently to ensure a successful launch.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Nature Astronomy, PLOS ONE
Support our podcast: Become a supporter.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 26
In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into NASA's postponed return to the lunar surface, a remarkable hypersonic test flight by an Australian company, and the fascinating hidden chemistry at the heart of the Milky Way galaxy.
Nasa's Lunar Return Delayed
NASA has announced a significant delay in its plans to return humans to the lunar surface, pushing the Artemis 4 mission to 2028. The upcoming Artemis 3 mission will focus on testing systems in low Earth orbit instead of conducting a lunar landing. NASA officials emphasize the need for a methodical approach to ensure the safety and success of future missions, including critical tests of lunar landers from SpaceX and Blue Origin. This strategic shift aims to facilitate at least one major lunar landing annually starting in 2028.
Successful Hypersonic Test Flight
An Australian scramjet has achieved a successful test flight, propelling the Dart hypersonic aircraft to speeds exceeding five times the speed of sound. This milestone underscores the potential of scramjet technology, which utilizes a unique engine design without moving parts to achieve hypersonic speeds. The successful mission, launched from Rocket Lab?s Wallops Island facility, marks a significant step toward developing autonomous hypersonic vehicles capable of sustained flight and could pave the way for future space travel advancements.
Revealing the Milky Justin's Chemistry
Astronomers have captured the largest and most detailed image of the central region of the Milky Way galaxy, unveiling a complex network of filaments and cosmic gas. This groundbreaking observation, made possible by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), provides unprecedented insights into the processes of star formation in the galactic center. The study reveals the intricate chemistry of the central molecular zone, detecting various molecules and enhancing our understanding of star formation in extreme environments.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Scientific Reports, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Support our podcast: Become a supporter.

Sponsor Link:
This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you by Squarespace. Create your own exceptional website with ease at squarespace.com/spacetime.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 25
In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the intriguing mysteries of Mars' gullies, uncover a unique inside-out planetary system, and witness the inaugural launch of Europe's most powerful rocket.
Mysterious Martian Gullies Explained
Scientists have made significant strides in understanding the enigmatic gullies on Mars, previously thought to be shaped by unknown forces. A new study published in Geophysical Research Letters reveals that blocks of frozen carbon dioxide are the culprits behind these formations. When the Martian winter sets in, CO2 ice accumulates and, upon warming, sublimates, creating gas pressure that carves deep gullies in the Martian surface. This groundbreaking phenomenon, likened to the sandworms of Dune, showcases a unique geological process not observed on Earth.
Inside-Out Planetary System Discovery
Astronomers have identified a remarkable new planetary system, catalogued as LHS 1903, that defies conventional models of planetary formation. Unlike our solar system, which features rocky planets close to the star and gas giants further out, LHS 1903 has a small rocky planet orbiting outside of two gas giants. This discovery, detailed in Science, suggests that this rocky world may have formed in a gas-depleted environment, challenging existing theories about how planets evolve and raising questions about the nature of planetary systems.
Europe's Powerful Rocket Launch
The European Space Agency has successfully launched the Ariane 64, its most powerful rocket to date, from the Kourou Spaceport in French Guiana. This inaugural mission, VA267, carried 32 satellites into orbit for Amazon's LEO network, marking a significant milestone as the largest number of satellites ever launched by an Ariane rocket. With plans for an average of 10 launches per year, the Ariane 64 is set to play a crucial role in the future of satellite deployment.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Geophysical Research Letters, Science
Support our podcast: Become a supporter.

Sponsor Link:
This episode of SpaceTime is brought to with the kind support of Squarespace. Bring your stories to life with Squarespace, the easiest way to create an exceptional website, blog, portfolio, or online store. To check out our special offers, vist squarespace.com/spacetime and us the promo code SPACETIME.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 24
In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover astonishing discoveries about the birth of black holes, a revolutionary Martian navigation system, and the arrival of NASA's SpaceX Crew 12 at the International Space Station.
The Birth of a Black Hole: A New Perspective
Astronomers have made a groundbreaking discovery by observing a star in the Andromeda Galaxy collapsing into a black hole without the expected supernova explosion. The star, catalogued as M31 2014 DS1, was seen glowing brightly in infrared light before fading away, leaving behind a dust shell. This event, which had been anticipated for decades, suggests that massive stars may collapse directly into black holes, challenging long-held assumptions about stellar deaths. The findings, published in the journal Science, provide new insights into the processes that govern black hole formation and indicate that such direct collapses may be more common than previously thought.
NASA's New Martian Navigation System
NASA has introduced an innovative navigation system for its Perseverance rover, allowing it to determine its location on Mars with remarkable precision?within 25 centimeters. The new technology, called Mars Global Localization, enables the rover to autonomously compare panoramic images with orbital terrain maps, eliminating the need for Earth-based assistance. This advancement significantly enhances the rover's ability to explore the Martian surface independently, paving the way for more extensive scientific investigations.
SpaceX Crew 12 Arrives at the ISS
NASA's SpaceX Crew 12 has successfully docked with the International Space Station, restoring the crew complement to seven members. The mission includes a diverse crew of two Americans, a Russian, and a French astronaut, who will conduct approximately 250 scientific experiments in orbit. Additionally, NASA has approved a sixth private mission to the ISS, slated for next year, which aims to support new research initiatives and infrastructure development for future human spaceflight missions.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Journal Science, NASA Reports
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

Sponsor Link:
This episode of Spacetime is brought to you with the support of Squarespace...when it's time to get online, it's time to visit Squarespace. Free trial. To find out more visit squarespace.com/spacetime 

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 23
In this episode of SpaceTime, we investigate the discovery of a nearly invisible galaxy dominated by dark matter, the latest delays in the Artemis 2 mission to the Moon, and the anticipated launch of Australia's new hypersonic scramjet.
A Dark Matter Galaxy Unveiled
Astronomers have identified an almost invisible galaxy, catalogued as CDG2, located in the Perseus galaxy cluster approximately 300 million light years away. This galaxy is believed to be composed of about 99% dark matter, making it one of the most dark matter-dominated galaxies ever detected. The findings, published in Astrophysical Research Letters, reveal that dark matter constitutes roughly 80% of the universe's total matter, and CDG2's faint presence was confirmed through observations of its globular clusters using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and the European Space Agency's Euclid Space Observatory.
Artemis 2 Mission Delayed Again
NASA has announced another delay for the Artemis 2 mission, which aims to return humans to lunar orbit for the first time in over 50 years. A helium leak discovered in the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket's upper stage has prompted the agency to roll back the launch vehicle to the vehicle assembly building for repairs. This setback eliminates the potential for a March launch, with the next available windows opening in early April. The Artemis 2 mission will carry a crew of four on a 10-day journey to the Moon, including critical system tests and satellite deployments.
Australia's Hypersonic Scramjet Launch Imminent
An Australian company is set to test its new hypersonic scramjet-powered aircraft, the Dart AE, before the end of the month. This innovative vehicle will utilize a 3D printed Spartan Scramjet engine, designed to operate at speeds exceeding Mach 5 with liquid hydrogen fuel. The mission, codenamed Cassowary Vex, will launch aboard a Rocket Lab electron rocket and aims to validate the scramjet propulsion system under real hypersonic flight conditions while producing zero carbon emissions.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Astrophysical Research Letters
Become a supporter of this podcast:  https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 22
In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the formation of the universe's most enigmatic objects, explore the origins of Saturn's iconic rings, and get updates on NASA's Artemis 2 mission.
Black Holes and Exotic Cosmic Structures
A groundbreaking study suggests that some of the universe's most exotic entities, including black holes and cannibal stars, may have formed just seconds after the Big Bang. Researchers from the International School of Advanced Studies propose that subatomic particles condensed into halos of matter, which then collapsed to create these fascinating cosmic structures. Their findings, published in Physical Review D, indicate that even in the earliest moments of the universe, complex physical phenomena were already taking shape, paving the way for our understanding of cosmic evolution.
The Formation of Saturn's Rings
New research proposes that Saturn's largest moon, Titan, may have formed from the collision of two older moons, potentially linking this event to the creation of Saturn's spectacular ring system. The study, reported in the Planetary Science Journal, utilizes computer simulations to explore the dynamics of Saturn's moons and their interactions, suggesting that Titan's merger could explain its unique orbit and the age of the rings, estimated to be around 100 million years.
NASA's Artemis 2 Mission Update
Following the recent scrubbing of the Artemis 2 launch due to hydrogen leaks, NASA has made significant repairs and is preparing for another attempt. Engineers have replaced seals in the mobile launcher's umbilical area and are conducting further testing to ensure the rocket's readiness. With multiple launch windows available in March, the Artemis 2 mission aims to test key systems aboard the Orion spacecraft, setting the stage for future lunar exploration and the eventual return of humans to the Moon.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Physical Review D, Planetary Science Journal
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 21
In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore intriguing revelations about the search for life on Mars, the surprising effects of Saturn's moon Enceladus on its planet, and the monumental volcanic events that reshaped Earth's tectonic landscape.
Life on Mars: A New Perspective
Recent findings suggest that non-biological processes cannot fully explain the organic compounds found in Martian regolith samples collected by NASA's Curiosity rover. Published in the journal Astrobiology, the study indicates that life may have contributed to some of these compounds, challenging previous assumptions. The research involved evaluating potential non-biological sources and concluded that the abundance of organics on Mars could hint at past life, sparking renewed interest in the Red Planet's potential habitability.
Enceladus' Electromagnetic Influence
A fascinating study reveals that Saturn's icy moon Enceladus trails a wake of electromagnetic ripples extending over half a million kilometers, significantly influencing its giant host planet. Data from NASA's Cassini mission demonstrated how Enceladus' geysers contribute to energy and momentum circulation within Saturn's magnetic environment, marking a crucial discovery about the moon's role in the Saturnian system.
Earth's Volcanic History
New research highlights how Earth's largest volcanic event, associated with the Ontong Java Plateau, dramatically altered a major tectonic plate. The findings suggest that extensive volcanic activity led to significant physiochemical modifications within the oceanic plate, enhancing our understanding of plate formation processes and the environmental impacts of such massive eruptions.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Astrobiology, Geophysical Research Space Physics, Geophysical Research Letters
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into groundbreaking research revealing the true composition of the Earth's core, explore new insights into solar neutrinos, and uncover the complexities of Martian volcanoes.
Earth's Core Contains Vast Hydrogen Reservoir
A recent study published in Nature Communications indicates that Earth's core may hold up to 45 oceans' worth of hydrogen, challenging the long-held belief that water on our planet primarily came from asteroids and comets. Utilizing advanced laboratory techniques, researchers simulated the extreme conditions of the core to uncover its surprising hydrogen content, suggesting a significant internal source of water far beyond previous estimates.
Neutrinos from the Sun's Core
A new dark matter experiment has successfully detected neutrinos originating from the Sun's core, marking a significant milestone in our understanding of these elusive particles. The LZ experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility captured signals from Brian 8 solar neutrinos, providing valuable data on solar processes and setting new limits for dark matter research. This breakthrough highlights the potential of neutrino studies in unraveling the mysteries of both dark matter and stellar dynamics.
Complexity of Martian Volcanoes
New findings published in Geology reveal that young Martian volcanoes are far more complex than previously thought. Researchers have discovered that these volcanoes were shaped by long-lasting and evolving magma systems rather than single eruptions. By analyzing surface features and mineral compositions from orbit, scientists have reconstructed the intricate eruptive history of these volcanic systems, shedding light on the Red Planet's geological past.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Nature Communications, Geology
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.
(00:00:00) New study reveals Earth's core may contain vast amounts of hydrogen
(00:08:30) Breakthrough in solar neutrino detection from the Sun's core
(00:16:45) Insights into the complex eruptive history of Martian volcanoes
(00:25:00) Science report: The link between caffeine consumption and reduced dementia risk
(00:32:15) Study on the frequency of passionate love experiences in humans

Sponsor Link:
This episode of SpaceTime is brought to with the help of Squarespace. When it's time to get online, you need Suarespace to make you look professional. To get the Spacetime special offer simply visit www.squarespace.com/spacetime or use the code SPACETIME at checkout.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 19
In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore astonishing discoveries in astrophysics, planetary science, and aerospace engineering.
Astronomers Observe Possible Black Hole Explosion
Astronomers are investigating what could be the first ever observation of a black hole explosion. A recent study published in Physical Review Letters suggests that the mysterious high-energy neutrino detected in 2023 may have originated from a quasi-extremal primordial black hole. This type of black hole, theorized to exist since the Big Bang, could explain the otherwise unexplainable energy levels of the neutrino and potentially unlock the secrets of dark matter and the fundamental nature of the universe.
Mars' Dust Storms and Water Loss
New research published in Communications Earth and Environment reveals that localized dust storms on Mars may play a significant role in the planet's water loss. While Mars is currently a dry desert, evidence from its surface indicates a wetter past. The study shows that intense dust storms can transport water vapor to higher altitudes, facilitating its escape into space, thus contributing to the long-standing mystery of Martian water depletion.
Plasma Daniel for Hypersonic Testing
A groundbreaking facility known as the plasma tunnel is now being used by scientists and engineers to simulate the extreme conditions spacecraft face during atmospheric reentry. The plasma tunnel generates high-speed plasma flows that mimic the intense heat and pressure experienced during reentry, providing critical data for developing safer and more efficient spacecraft. This innovative technology could revolutionize our understanding of hypersonic flight and enhance mission safety for future space exploration.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Physical Review Letters, Communications Earth and Environment
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.
(00:00:00) Astronomers investigate a potential black hole explosion
(00:07:15) New study reveals how dust storms on Mars contribute to water loss
(00:15:30) The plasma tunnel: recreating atmospheric reentry conditions
(00:22:45) Science report: Genetic factors influencing life expectancy
(00:30:00) Bigfoot sightings and cultural phenomena in America

Sponsor Links:
This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Squarespace....your first stop when you want to build a presence online. To check out our special offers, simply visit www.squarespace.com/spacetime for details

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 18
In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking theories about the nature of dark matter, the thermal differences between the lunar far and near sides, and new revelations regarding Jupiter's dimensions.
Dark Matter's Role in the Milky Way
A new study suggests that dark matter could be the driving force behind the gravitational dynamics of our Milky Way galaxy. Researchers propose that a clump of fermionic dark matter might exert similar gravitational influence as the supermassive black hole at the galaxy's center, Sagittarius A. This theory challenges conventional understanding and is supported by data from the European Space Agency's Gaia mission, which mapped the galaxy's outer halo and rotational curve, indicating a potential new model for understanding galactic structures.
Lunar Far Side's Cooler Interior
Recent findings published in Nature Geoscience indicate that the lunar far side may be significantly cooler than the near side. Analyzing samples collected by China's Chang'e 6 mission, scientists discovered that the far side's regolith formed from lava at temperatures approximately 100 degrees Celsius lower than those from the near side. This study provides insight into the Moon's geological history and the uneven distribution of heat-producing elements, which may have resulted from ancient impacts or tidal forces from Earth.
Jupiter's Slimmer Profile
New measurements from NASA's Juno mission reveal that Jupiter is actually slimmer than previously thought, being about 8 kilometers narrower at the equator and 24 kilometers flatter at the poles. These findings refine our understanding of the gas giant's shape and have implications for models of planetary formation and evolution. The data also sheds light on Jupiter's atmospheric dynamics, including its powerful winds and cyclones, enhancing our knowledge of gas giants both within our solar system and beyond.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Nature Geoscience, Nature Astronomy
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.
(00:00:00) New study claims that mysterious substance called dark matter could be powering our Milky Way
(00:08:01) New study suggests lunar far side may be a little bit colder than near side
(00:12:52) Space Time is brought to you by Squarespace. com spacetime
(00:14:23) New measurements based on NASA's Juno mission reveal Jupiter is much smaller than previously thought
(00:18:16) People with depressive personalities far more likely to have sexual fantasies, study finds
(00:20:34) New test shows artificial intelligence chatbot admitting it would kill to save itself
(00:27:09) Already we have security companies treating AI chatbots like humans

Sponsor Links:
This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Squarespace....your first stop when you want to build a presence online. To check out our special offers, simply visit www.squarespace.com/spacetime for all the details

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 17
In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the recent powerful solar storm that has impacted Earth, the delay of NASA's Artemis 2 manned moon mission, and China's ambitious plans for a futuristic orbital space carrier.
Massive Solar Storm Hits Earth
The sun has unleashed a barrage of solar eruptions, including 41 N-class flares and six X-class flares, with an X8.1 class flare setting a new record for 2026. This storm is described as the strongest radiation event in 20 years, with scientists noting its potential similarity to the historic 1859 Carrington event. The solar activity has disrupted radio communications and produced stunning auroras, while the sun continues its 11-year solar cycle.
Nasa's Artemis 2 Mission Delayed
NASA has postponed the launch of its Artemis 2 manned moon mission due to fuel leaks during a critical launch rehearsal. The mission aims to send a crew of four aboard an Orion spacecraft on a 10-day journey around the moon. The delays stem from issues with the SLS rocket's hydrogen tanks and other technical challenges, with new launch windows opening in March.
China's Orbital Space Carrier Plans
China has announced plans for a Star Wars-style orbital space carrier named Luanio, designed to deploy hypersonic missiles and unmanned stealth drones. This massive spacecraft would be part of an ambitious defense system, although the technology to build such a vehicle is still in the realm of science fiction. The announcement comes amid tensions between the U.S. and China regarding military advancements.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 16
In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into groundbreaking revelations about Europa's ice shell, explore new evidence for the existence of a potential Planet Nine, and discuss a significant advancement in quantum physics that challenges the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.
Europa's Ice Shell Thickness Revealed
Data from NASA's Juno mission has provided the first insights into the thickness of Europa's icy crust, estimating it to be around 29 kilometers. This measurement comes from Juno's 2022 flyby, where the spacecraft utilized its microwave radiometer to analyze the moon's surface temperature and characteristics. The findings suggest that beneath this thick ice lies a global ocean of liquid water, potentially harboring the ingredients necessary for life. Understanding the ice shell's structure is crucial for future missions, including NASA's Europa Clipper, set to arrive in 2030.
The Case for Planet Nine
A new study published in Nature Astronomy presents fresh simulations suggesting that wide-orbit planets, like the hypothesized Planet Nine, could be a natural outcome of chaotic early planetary systems. Researchers found that during turbulent phases of stellar formation, planets can be flung into distant orbits rather than being ejected entirely. This work offers a 40% chance that a Planet Nine-like object exists, providing a promising avenue for future exploration as telescopes become more capable of surveying the distant solar system.
Advancements in Quantum Physics
In a remarkable breakthrough, physicists have demonstrated a method to sidestep the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, allowing for simultaneous precise measurements of a particle's position and momentum. This innovative approach, detailed in Science Advances, could pave the way for ultra-precise sensor technologies across various fields, including navigation and astronomy. The study redefines the boundaries of quantum measurement, offering new possibilities for scientific exploration.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Nature Astronomy
Science Advances
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 15
In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover intriguing discoveries about Mercury's geological activity, NASA's innovative Dragonfly mission to Titan, and the environmental impacts of rocket fuel pollution.
Mercury's Surprising Streaks
A new study reveals bright streaks, or lineae, on Mercury's surface, suggesting the planet is not as geologically inactive as previously thought. Researchers from the University of Bern utilized machine learning to analyze over 100,000 images from NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft, discovering that these streaks are likely caused by the outgassing of volatile materials from beneath Mercury's crust. This finding indicates ongoing geological processes and will be further explored by the BepiColombo mission, set to reach Mercury later this year.
NASA's Dragonfly Mission to Titan
NASA is developing the Dragonfly, a car-sized rotocopter designed to explore Saturn's moon Titan, which features methane and ethane lakes. Scheduled for launch in 2028, Dragonfly will utilize Titan's dense atmosphere to fly to various locations, examining environments that may harbor organic materials essential for life. The mission builds on the success of the Ingenuity rotocopter on Mars, with extensive testing underway to ensure optimal performance in Titan's unique conditions.
Rocket Fuel Pollution and the Ozone Layer
A recent study highlights the damaging effects of burning rocket fuels, such as kerosene, on Earth's ozone layer. The report indicates that the rapid growth of the rocket launch industry is exacerbating this issue, particularly affecting regions like Antarctica and parts of Australia. Researchers are calling for restrictions on the use of these fuels to mitigate environmental harm.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Nature Communications, Earth and Environment
Climate and Atmospheric Science
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
(00:00:00) Streaks on the surface of Mercury suggesting it's not quite dead yet
(00:11:13) Burning rocket fuel damages Earth's ozone layer, study finds
(00:12:28) A new study claims cyber attacks can spark intense social media discussions
(00:14:53) Apple bans anti woke Holly Valent song from iTunes in Australia
(00:16:39) Apple has now had hypertension notifications authorized by the TGN
(00:18:04) Space Time is available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday through bitesz. com

In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore new insights into the origins of Earth's water, groundbreaking discoveries beneath the surface of Jupiter's volcanic moon Io, and how tectonic plate movements may have influenced Earth's climate throughout history.
New Clues on Earth's Water Origins
A recent study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals that asteroid and comet impacts could only account for a small fraction of Earth's water supply. By analyzing oxygen isotopes in lunar regolith collected during the Apollo missions, researchers found that the early Earth likely retained little to no water during its formative years. This challenges long-held beliefs and suggests that the majority of Earth's water must have originated from other sources, rather than being delivered by celestial bodies.
Unprecedented Volcanic Activity on Io
NASA's Juno spacecraft has captured remarkable data on Io, the most volcanically active body in our solar system. Observations from a December flyby revealed the most energetic eruption ever detected on Io, affecting a vast area of 65,000 square kilometers. The findings indicate that interconnected magma reservoirs beneath Io's surface are responsible for this extraordinary volcanic activity, providing new insights into the moon's geological dynamics and evolution.
Tectonic Plates and Earth's Climate
A new study suggests that carbon released from shifting tectonic plates may have played a significant role in Earth's climatic transitions, rather than volcanic activity as previously thought. Researchers reconstructed carbon movements over the last 540 million years, providing evidence that carbon emissions from mid-ocean ridges were the primary drivers of climate shifts between ice ages and warmer periods. This research reshapes our understanding of past climate dynamics and offers valuable insights for future climate models.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Journal of Geophysical Research Planets
Communications Earth and Environment
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

Sponsor Link:
This episode is brought to you with thanks to Squarespace. Bring your stories to life with Squarespace, the easiest way to create an exceptional website, blog, portfolio, or online store. To take up our great offer and help support the show, just visit www.squarespace.com/spacetime or use the Promo Code SPACETIME at checkout.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 13
In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover the hidden violent past of the Milky Way's supermassive black hole, delve into the origins of water on Jupiter's Galilean moons, and explore how meteor impacts are triggering dust avalanches on Mars.
The Violent History of Sagittarius A
For years, Sagittarius A, the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy, has been perceived as a quiet entity. However, new research published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters indicates that it may have experienced dramatic flares in the past. Observations from the CRISM Space Telescope reveal X-ray emissions from a gas cloud near Sagittarius A, suggesting a history of explosive activity that alters our understanding of supermassive black hole evolution and the history of our galaxy.
Water Origins of Jupiter's Galilean Moons
A groundbreaking study has determined that the contrasting water content of Jupiter's four large Galilean moons was established during their formation rather than evolving later. This research sheds light on the stark differences between Io, which is dry and volcanically active, and Europa, believed to have a subsurface ocean. The findings suggest that the primordial environment around Jupiter played a crucial role in shaping these moons' compositions.
Meteor Impacts Trigger Dust Avalanches on Mars
New evidence indicates that meteor impacts on Mars are causing dust avalanches, creating dark streaks on the planet's surface. An analysis of images from the European Space Agency's ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter reveals that these avalanches occur primarily due to dry processes, driven by seasonal dust and wind activity, rather than water-related phenomena. This discovery enhances our understanding of Martian surface dynamics and the impact of meteor activity.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Astrophysical Journal Letters
Nature Communications
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
(00:00:00) Sagittarius A's hidden violent past revealed
(00:12:45) Origins of water on Jupiter's Galilean moons
(00:25:30) Meteor impacts causing dust avalanches on Mars
(00:35:00) February night sky highlights and celestial events.
(00:00:00) This is space time series 29, episode 13 for broadcast on 30 January 2026
(00:00:47) X ray emissions from the Crism Space Telescope suggest Sagittarius A flared
(00:07:59) A new study claims dust avalanches caused by meteor impacts are creating Martian streaks
(00:10:22) February is the second month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars
(00:12:03) February's Orion meteor showers usually peak around February 8th
(00:22:18) Blue supergiant Rigel is the second brightest star in the constellation Orion
(00:31:08) Rygel: Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky
(00:35:09) February is a great time to look for bright stars in the night sky
(00:38:04) The night sky is sparse with the old planets at the moment

Sponsor Link:
This episode is brought to you with thanks to Squarespace. Bring your stories to life with Squarespace, the easiest way to create an exceptional website, blog, portfolio, or online store. To take up our great offer and help support the show, just visit www.squarespace.com/spacetime or use the Promo Code SPACETIME at checkout.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 12
In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover groundbreaking discoveries about Earth's mantle, the watery past of Mars, and the rapid growth of galaxies through cool gas filaments.
Distinct Histories of Earth?s Mantle Provinces
Recent research reveals that the two massive continent-sized regions deep within the Earth's mantle have unique chemical compositions and histories. This study challenges long-held assumptions and uses seismic wave data to illustrate how these large low velocity provinces differ in density and material, impacting the planet's heat extraction from the core and potentially affecting the stability of Earth's magnetic field.
Confirmation of Mars as a Blue Planet
New evidence from ancient Martian river deltas suggests that Mars was once covered by a vast ocean. High-resolution images reveal delta-like structures, indicating that water once flowed into an ocean approximately 3 billion years ago. This discovery supports the notion of a once habitable environment on Mars, offering insights into its geological history and the potential for life.
Galaxies Growing Through Cool Gas Filaments
A fascinating new study has demonstrated how galaxies can rapidly grow by drawing in filaments of cool gas. Observations from the Keck Telescope's Cosmic Webb Imager provide direct evidence of these gas streams spiraling into galaxies, fueling star formation at unprecedented rates. This research offers significant insights into the processes of galaxy formation and the role of the cosmic web in shaping the universe.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Scientific Reports
MPJ Space Exploration
Nature Astronomy
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
(00:00:00) Distinct histories of Earth's mantle provinces
(00:12:15) Mars confirmed as a blue planet with ancient ocean
(00:25:30) Galaxies grow rapidly through cool gas filaments
(00:35:00) Discovery of the oldest known rock art in the world.

Sponsor Link:
This episode is brought to you with thanks to Squarespace. Bring your stories to life with Squarespace, the easiest way to create an exceptional website, blog, portfolio, or online store. To take up our great offer and help support the show, just visit www.squarespace.com/spacetime or use the Promo Code SPACETIME at checkout.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 11
In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into the latest astronomical events, including a record-setting solar storm impacting Earth, the historic Artemis 2 mission preparing to return astronauts to the Moon, and groundbreaking evidence confirming an ancient asteroid impact in the North Sea.
Record-Breaking Solar Storm Strikes Earth
Planet Earth has recently experienced a massive geomagnetic storm triggered by an X1.9 class solar flare, followed by a coronal mass ejection. This event produced stunning auroras, visible as far north as Sydney and Brisbane. We discuss how such solar storms can affect technology on Earth and in space, including potential disruptions to communications and navigation systems, as well as the impact on satellites in low Earth orbit.
Artemis 2: A Historic Return to the Moon
NASA's Artemis 2 mission is gearing up to send astronauts back to the Moon for the first time in over 50 years. The crew will embark on a 10-day journey, orbiting the Moon and traveling further than any humans have before. We explore the mission's objectives, including testing spacecraft systems, practicing docking procedures, and conducting deep space science experiments, all while preparing for future lunar landings.
Proof of an Ancient Asteroid Impact
A decades-long debate over the origins of the Silverpit Crater in the North Sea has been resolved with new evidence confirming it was formed by an asteroid impact 43 to 46 million years ago. Utilizing seismic imaging and microscopic analysis, researchers have established this crater as a significant impact site, shedding light on the history of asteroid collisions on Earth and their implications for our planet's geological evolution.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Nature Communications
NASA Reports
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
(00:00:00) Record solar storm strikes Earth
(00:12:30) Artemis 2 mission prepares to send astronauts back to the Moon
(00:25:00) Evidence confirms asteroid impact in the North Sea
(00:35:15) New insights into Earth's climate from ancient geological events.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 10
In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking developments in space exploration, including the imminent launch of the first nuclear-powered rocket, the merging of low mass dwarf galaxies, and the intriguing connection between Earth-like planets and gas giants.
The Dawn of Nuclear Rocket Technology
History is set to be made as NASA and DARPA prepare to test the world?s first fully operational nuclear-powered orbital rocket. This innovative vehicle utilizes a nuclear thermal propulsion system that heats liquid hydrogen propellant through nuclear fusion, achieving nearly double the efficiency of conventional rockets. The test aims to validate reactor operation in orbit, potentially revolutionizing space travel by reducing transit times to Mars and allowing for larger payloads.
Merging Dwarf Galaxies: A New Discovery
A recent study published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters confirms that low mass dwarf galaxies can merge with one another. Observations of the Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidal galaxy reveal previously hidden stellar structures, suggesting that even the smallest galaxies experience mergers. These findings challenge traditional views on galaxy formation and evolution, indicating that interactions between dwarf galaxies may be more common than previously believed.
The Connection Between Earth-Like and Gas Giant Planets
Astronomers have found that rocky planets similar to Earth are more likely to exist in star systems that also contain large gas giants like Jupiter. This research, reported in Astronomy and Astrophysics, shows that cold Jupiters, which orbit beyond the snow line, play a significant role in the formation of super Earths in the inner regions of their planetary systems. The study offers new insights into the complex dynamics of planetary formation and the conditions that lead to the development of terrestrial planets.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Astrophysical Journal Letters
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Science Advances
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
(00:00:00) NASA and DARPA prepare to test the first nuclear-powered orbital rocket
(00:10:15) New study confirms mergers among low mass dwarf galaxies
(00:20:45) Link discovered between Earth-like planets and gas giants
(00:30:00) China breaks through barriers in nuclear fusion reactor development
(00:35:20) The impact of ultra-processed foods on global health.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 9
In this episode of SpaceTime, we unravel the enigma of the universe's mysterious little red dots, delve into groundbreaking insights from Jupiter regarding the evolution of our solar system's planets, and mark the commencement of construction on Earth's largest gamma-ray observatory.
The Mystery of the Little Red Dots
A fascinating new study reveals that the enigmatic little red dots observed in early images from the NASA Webb Space Telescope are, in fact, young black holes cloaked in ionized gas. Researchers from the Niels Bohr Institute's Cosmic Dawn Center have determined that these black holes, much smaller than previously thought, are in the process of consuming gas, which creates immense heat and radiation, giving them their distinctive red appearance. This discovery sheds light on the formation of some of the universe's earliest black holes just 700 million years after the Big Bang.
Jupiter's Role in Planetary Evolution
New simulations indicate that Jupiter may contain up to 50% more oxygen than the Sun, providing fresh insights into how the planets in our solar system formed. By developing a comprehensive model of Jupiter's atmosphere, researchers have resolved a long-standing debate regarding the gas giant's chemical composition. The findings suggest that Jupiter's atmosphere circulates much more slowly than previously believed, which could alter our understanding of planetary migration and formation processes.
Construction of Earth's Largest Gamma-Ray Observatory
Engineers have officially begun construction on the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory, set to be the largest gamma-ray telescope ever built. Located in Chile's Atacama Desert, this observatory will significantly enhance our ability to study high-energy cosmic phenomena, such as black holes and supernovae. With over 60 telescopes across two sites, the observatory will allow astronomers to observe gamma rays with unprecedented accuracy, potentially unlocking new discoveries about dark matter and the fundamental laws of physics.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Nature Journal
Planetary Science Journal
Advances in Atmospheric Sciences
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
(00:00:00) New study reveals little red dots in Webb images are young black holes
(00:07:30) Jupiter may have 50% more oxygen than the Sun, reshaping planetary formation theories
(00:15:45) Construction begins on the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory
(00:22:00) New data confirms 2025 saw record ocean heat storage
(00:25:30) Advances in autonomous driving technology showcased at CES 2026.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 8
In this episode of SpaceTime, we investigate the surprising ways Mars influences Earth's climate, hear about the safe return of Crew 11 following the first emergency medical evacuation from the International Space Station, and explore a cosmic clock that reveals insights into Australia's geological history.
Mars: A Climate Influencer
A new study has unveiled that the orbit of Mars can significantly impact Earth's climate, even triggering ice ages. Researchers from the University of California Riverside utilized computer simulations to demonstrate how Mars? gravitational pull alters Earth's orbit and affects long-term climatic cycles. The findings challenge previous assumptions about Mars' minimal influence and highlight the planet's role in shaping Earth's climatic patterns over millions of years.
Crew 11's Safe Return
NASA's SpaceX Crew 11 has successfully splashed down in the North Pacific Ocean after a historic emergency medical evacuation from the ISS. The crew's return, which occurred a month earlier than planned due to medical concerns, was marked by a brilliant display in the night sky as they descended. This marks a significant event in the history of human spaceflight, emphasizing the importance of health monitoring aboard the space station.
Unveiling Australia's Geological History
Scientists have discovered that the rare gas krypton can be used to unlock the secrets of Earth's ancient landscapes. By examining tiny zircon crystals found in ancient beach sands, researchers can gauge how long these minerals have been exposed at the surface, providing insights into erosion rates and potential mineral deposits. This groundbreaking research not only sheds light on the past but also has implications for future resource exploration in Australia.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Journal of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Astronomical Society of the Pacific
NASA Reports
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
(00:00:00) New study shows how the orbit of Mars can affect climate here on Earth
(00:05:52) NASA's SpaceX crew 11 safely returned to Earth after medical evacuation
(00:08:17) SpaceX and NASA astronauts splashdown after 167 days in space
(00:09:00) The crew were returning a month early due to medical concerns
(00:10:46) Scientists use rare gas called krypton to study ancient Earth landscapes
(00:23:05) New data from NASA shows 2025 was the second hottest year since records began
(00:24:38) Some AI chatbots are reporting abuse and fear following interactions with humans

Sponsor Link:
This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Squarespace. When it's time to get a presence online, go with the folks who support us...and build the best websites easily. No hassles. You can check out their special offer for SpaceTime listeners by visiting our special URL....Click Here

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 7
In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the intriguing possibilities surrounding the origins of life, including new findings from Saturn's moon Titan and the implications for our understanding of life beyond Earth. We also explore the latest research on Europa, one of Jupiter's moons, and uncover the sources of the sun's mysterious gamma rays.
Life's Building Blocks on Titan
A groundbreaking study reveals that Titan, Saturn's largest moon, exhibits unexpected chemical interactions at extremely low temperatures. Researchers found that hydrogen cyanide can mix with nonpolar substances like methane and ethane, challenging traditional chemistry principles. This discovery could provide insights into the prebiotic chemistry that may have preceded life on Earth, as Titan's environment mirrors that of early Earth.
Europa's Quiet Oceans
In a surprising turn, new calculations suggest that the vast subsurface ocean beneath Europa's icy crust may be lifeless. This research indicates that Europa lacks the geological activity, such as hydrothermal vents, necessary to sustain life. Lead author Paul Brian discusses how the moon's stable orbit around Jupiter limits the tidal forces that could drive geological processes, casting doubt on the moon's potential as a habitat for life.
The Source of Solar Gamma Rays
Astronomers have identified the origin of intense gamma radiation emitted during solar flares, linking it to high-energy electrons colliding with plasma in the solar corona. This finding, derived from observations of a significant solar flare in 2017, enhances our understanding of solar flare physics and could improve space weather forecasting.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Journal of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Nature Communications
Nature Astronomy
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
(00:00:00) Scientists studying Saturn's moon Titan have discovered that normally incompatible substances can mix
(00:05:19) NASA will launch the Dragonfly mission to Titan in 2028
(00:13:36) NASA's Europa Clipper spacecraft will study icy moon Europa
(00:18:11) Astronomers have discovered that gamma rays generated by solar flares are caused by electrons
(00:21:58) Most people who take diabetes drug Mounjaro gain weight back after stopping

Sponsor Links:
This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Squarespace. When it's time to get a presence online, go with the folks who support us...and build the best websites easily. No hassles. You can check out their special offer for SpaceTime listeners by visiting our special URL....Click Here

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 6
In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking discoveries in astrophysics, including the confirmation of Betelgeuse's elusive companion star, a spectacular black hole event, and the BepiColombo spacecraft's approach to Mercury.
Betelgeuse's Companion Star Confirmed
Astronomers have finally confirmed that the red supergiant star Betelgeuse has a companion star, named Saguara. Utilizing data from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based observatories, researchers traced the influence of Saguara as it interacts with Betelgeuse's outer atmosphere. This discovery sheds light on the star's peculiar brightness variations and its eventual fate as it nears a supernova explosion, which could occur at any time in astronomical terms.
A Black Hole's Powerful Feast
In a remarkable observation, astronomers witnessed a black hole shredding a massive star in what is described as the most powerful event of its kind ever recorded. Known as a gravitational tidal disruption event, this phenomenon released energy equivalent to 400 billion times that of our Sun, surpassing even the most energetic supernovae. The event, cataloged as AT 2024WPP, offers new insights into black hole behavior and the dynamics of stellar destruction.
BepiColombo's Journey to Mercury
The BepiColombo spacecraft is nearing its orbit insertion around Mercury after a seven-year journey. Launched in 2018, this multi-spacecraft mission will study Mercury's surface, magnetic field, and interaction with solar activity. The mission consists of two orbiters that will work in tandem to gather comprehensive data about this enigmatic planet, promising to enhance our understanding of planetary formation and evolution.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Astrophysical Journal
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
European Space Agency Reports
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

Sponsor Link:
This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Squarespace. When it's time to get a presence online, go with the folks who support us...and build the best websites easily. No hassles. You can check out their special offer for SpaceTime listeners by visiting our special URL....Click Here

In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover new evidence suggesting that dark matter may interact with neutrinos, a revelation that could reshape our understanding of the universe. We also discuss a serious medical issue that has forced one of the crews aboard the International Space Station to return home early, and learn about the remarkable discovery that galaxies spin like clockwork.
Dark Matter and Neutrinos: A Possible Interaction
Scientists are challenging the long-standing standard model of particle physics with new findings indicating that dark matter and neutrinos may interact. This groundbreaking research, reported in Nature Astronomy, provides a rare glimpse into the universe's hidden components. By analyzing data from both the early and late universe, researchers suggest that these elusive cosmic entities could influence the formation of galaxies and other structures, potentially addressing discrepancies observed in cosmological measurements.
Medical Emergency Forces ISS Crew to Return Early
NASA's SpaceX Crew 11 is returning to Earth ahead of schedule due to a medical concern involving one of the astronauts. While the situation is stable and not classified as an emergency, the decision was made to ensure the crew member receives comprehensive medical evaluation on the ground. This marks a historic moment, as it is the first time in 26 years of ISS operations that a medical issue has necessitated an early return.
Galaxies Spin Like Clockwork
Recent studies have confirmed that galaxies rotate approximately once every billion years, regardless of their size. This research, published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, reveals a consistent rotational pattern across different types of galaxies, enhancing our understanding of their mechanics and structure. The findings indicate that older stars exist even at the edges of galaxies, providing valuable insights into galactic formation and evolution.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Nature Astronomy
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
British Medical Journal
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 4
In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the latest revelations about supermassive black holes, the enigmatic interstellar comet 3I Atlas, and NASA's innovative tests on lunar surface interactions.
Do All Galaxies Host Supermassive Black Holes?
A groundbreaking study utilizing NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory challenges the long-held belief that all galaxies harbor supermassive black holes at their centers. Analyzing data from over 1,600 galaxies, researchers discovered that only about 30% of dwarf galaxies contain these cosmic giants. The findings, published in the Astrophysical Journal, provide crucial insights into the formation of supermassive black holes and suggest that smaller galaxies may have significantly fewer black holes than their massive counterparts.
No Evidence of Alien Intelligence from Comet 3I Atlas
Despite sensational claims, a thorough investigation into the interstellar comet 3I Atlas has yielded no signs of extraterrestrial technology. Observations from the Green Bank Radio Telescope during the comet's closest approach revealed only radio frequency interference, dismissing earlier speculations of alien signals. The analysis reinforces the understanding that the comet's behavior aligns with natural phenomena, rather than advanced civilizations.
NASA's Rocket Plume Studies on Lunar Regolith
NASA is conducting new experiments to understand how rocket plumes interact with the lunar surface, crucial for future lunar landings. Using a sophisticated camera system, scientists are simulating rocket engine behavior in a vacuum chamber to analyze the impact of exhaust on lunar dust and rocks. The data collected will inform the design of landing systems for the Artemis missions and future Mars explorations, ensuring crew safety and mission success.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Astrophysical Journal
NASA Reports
Journal of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
(00:00:00) This is Space Time Series 29, Episode 4 for broadcast on 9 January 2026
(00:00:47) Study reveals fewer supermassive black holes in smaller galaxies
(00:12:30) No signs of alien technology from comet 3I Atlas
(00:20:10) NASA's lunar regolith plume interaction tests
(00:25:00) Science report: Microplastics and neurodegenerative diseases, dog ownership and community ties

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 3
In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the latest discoveries in astrophysics and the challenges faced by space agencies worldwide.
Ancient Supernova Offers Clues to Dark Energy
Astronomers have made significant strides in understanding dark energy, the enigmatic force driving the universe's accelerated expansion. A newly observed supernova, located 10 billion light years away, has been gravitationally lensed by a foreground galaxy, allowing scientists to analyze multiple images of the same explosion. This phenomenon could help determine the Hubble constant, shedding light on the universe's expansion rate and its ultimate fate, which ranges from a Big Crunch to a Big Rip.
Sterile Neutrino Hypothesis Nearly Ruled Out
After over a decade of research, scientists have come close to ruling out the existence of the sterile neutrino, a proposed particle that could explain anomalous neutrino behavior. Data from the Micro BooNE experiment at Fermilab has shown no signs of sterile neutrinos, providing a pivotal moment in particle physics that narrows the search for new theories beyond the standard model.
China's Reusable Rocket Setback
China's efforts to develop a reusable rocket faced a significant blow as its Long March 12A failed on its maiden flight. Although the rocket's first and second stages performed as expected, the first stage failed to return successfully, highlighting the challenges in achieving reusability akin to SpaceX's Falcon 9. This setback underscores the competitive nature of the global space industry as China strives to enhance its capabilities.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Astrophysical Letters
Nature
Fermilab Reports
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
(00:00:00) This is Space Time Series 29, Episode 3 for broadcast on 7 January 2026
(00:00:47) Discovering dark energy through a unique supernova
(00:12:30) Ruling out the sterile neutrino hypothesis
(00:20:10) China's reusable rocket faces a major setback
(00:25:00) Science report: Climate change impacts, endangered species, and digital privacy concerns

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 2
In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the intriguing history of our galaxy and the secrets of Earth's early water retention.
Unraveling the Milky Way's Chemical Bimodality
A groundbreaking study suggests that the Milky Way's stellar formation and its unique chemical bimodality may stem from intergalactic gas rather than traditional star formation or galactic collisions. Researchers utilized advanced computer simulations to analyze the formation of 30 simulated galaxies, revealing that the Milky Way's distinct groups of stars, defined by their iron and magnesium content, can emerge through various mechanisms. This research not only enhances our understanding of the Milky Way's evolution but also challenges previous assumptions about the role of smaller galaxies in shaping its chemical structure.
Earth's Mantle: A Reservoir of Ancient Water
New findings indicate that Earth's mantle may have locked away vast amounts of water during the planet's formative magma ocean phase. Researchers discovered that bridgmanite, the most abundant mineral in the mantle, could store significant quantities of water, potentially equating to the volume of all today's oceans. This study reshapes our understanding of how water was retained during Earth's extreme early conditions and its role in the transition to a habitable planet. The implications of this research may provide insights into the geological processes that sustain Earth's dynamic environment.
The Astronomy of Standing Stones
Reflecting on archaeological astronomy, we revisit a pivotal study that revealed how ancient standing stones in Britain were constructed with astronomical alignments in mind. This research confirms that the earliest stone monuments, including the Great Circles of Scotland, were intentionally oriented to mark the movements of the sun and moon. By examining the patterns of alignment, researchers established a connection between these ancient structures and the cultural significance of celestial events, illustrating the sophisticated understanding early Britons had of their environment and the cosmos.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Journal of Science
Journal of Archaeological Science Reports
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
(00:00:00) This is Space Time Series 29, Episode 2 for broadcast on 5 January 2026
(00:00:47) New study on the Milky Way's chemical bimodality
(00:12:30) How bridgmanite in Earth's mantle may have stored ancient water
(00:20:10) The astronomical significance of ancient standing stones in Britain
(00:25:00) Science Robert: Sleep apnea linked to Parkinson's disease and more news in science

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 1
In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into extraordinary cosmic phenomena and the ongoing exploration of our solar system.
Cosmic Matter Ejected at 20% the Speed of Light
Astronomers have made a groundbreaking observation of matter being ejected from a supermassive black hole at the center of the barred spiral galaxy NGC 3783, located 135 million light years away. This matter, propelled at an astonishing 20% the speed of light, challenges previously held notions about how such superluminal jets are powered. The findings suggest that a sudden change in the magnetic field, rather than radiation, may be responsible for this high-speed outburst, providing new insights into the mechanisms of black hole dynamics and their impact on galactic evolution.
Wind-Sculpted Landscapes on Mars
NASA's Perseverance Rover continues its exploration of Mars, focusing on megaripples?large sand formations shaped by wind. These megaripples, some reaching up to 2 meters in height, offer scientists a unique opportunity to study current Martian atmospheric processes. As the rover investigates the Honeyguide region, researchers hope to gain insights into the planet's wind patterns and surface chemistry, which will be crucial for future human missions to Mars.
Potential Ocean Beneath Uranus's Moon Ariel
New research suggests that Uranus's moon Ariel may harbor a vast subsurface ocean, potentially more than 170 kilometers deep. This discovery, reported in the journal Icarus, highlights Ariel's unique geological features and raises questions about its past interior structure and orbital dynamics. The study indicates that understanding Ariel's ocean could provide crucial context for the moon's surface fractures and cryovolcanic activity, emphasizing the need for future missions to the Uranian system to confirm these findings.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Icarus
NASA Reports
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
(00:00:00) This is Space Time Series 29, Episode 1 for broadcast on 2 January 2026
(00:00:47) Cosmic matter ejected from supermassive black hole
(00:12:30) Perseverance Rover studies wind-sculpted megaripples on Mars
(00:20:10) Evidence of a subsurface ocean beneath Uranus's moon Ariel
(00:25:00) Skywatch: January night sky highlights and celestial events

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary - Series 28 Episode 154
In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore significant milestones in lunar exploration and the latest challenges in space technology.
Accelerated Launch for Artemis 2
NASA has moved up the launch date for the historic Artemis 2 manned moon mission to early February, marking the first human journey to the moon in over 50 years since Apollo 17. The Orion spacecraft, named Integrity, will embark on a 10-day mission, completing a free return trajectory around the moon. This episode discusses the mission's objectives, including in-space demonstrations and the deployment of five cubesats, as well as the importance of this mission for future lunar exploration and potential Mars missions.
New Insights from Lunar Rock Samples
Recent studies of lunar rock samples have revealed a new timeline for lunar impacts, pushing back the history of Earth's nearest celestial neighbour by 300 million years. The Apollo 17 rock sample, known as 76535, has provided crucial insights into the moon's formation and its geological history. Advanced computer simulations suggest that the impact that formed the Serenitatis Basin may have brought this rock to the surface, reshaping our understanding of the moon's bombardment history and its implications for Earth.
Japan's H3 Rocket Failure
The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has faced a setback with the failure of its new H3 rocket during a satellite launch. This follows a previous failure during its maiden flight. The H3 rocket, designed to replace the H2, aims to enhance Japan's capabilities in the global space market but has encountered significant technical challenges.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Geophysical Research Letters
NASA Reports
JAXA Updates
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
(00:00:00) This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 154 for broadcast on 31 December 2025
(00:00:47) NASA accelerates Artemis 2 moon mission launch
(00:12:30) New lunar rock samples shift timeline of impacts
(00:20:10) Japan's H3 rocket fails to deploy satellite
(00:25:00) Study reveals links between social media use and cognitive performance in children
(00:27:30) Coffee and tea's effects on bone health in older women

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 28 Episode 153
In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into thrilling new missions and groundbreaking discoveries in the universe.
Ramses Mission to Asteroid Apophis
The European Space Agency has greenlit an exciting new mission to study the infamous doomsday asteroid Apophis. The Ramses spacecraft will closely observe the 450-meter-wide asteroid as it makes a close flyby of Earth on April 13, 2029, at a mere 32,000 kilometers away?closer than many satellites. Initially feared to be on a collision course with Earth, further observations have since ruled out the threat of impact. However, the Ramses mission aims to understand how Earth's gravitational forces might affect Apophis during this close encounter, potentially setting the stage for future impacts. The spacecraft will deploy smaller probes to monitor changes in Apophis's orbit, rotation, and surface, providing vital data for planetary defense and insight into the evolution of asteroids.
Solving the Mystery of Existence
In a groundbreaking study, scientists at CERN have made strides in explaining the universe's existence by observing a slight imbalance in the behavior of matter and antimatter. This charge parity (CP) violation suggests that a tiny difference favored matter over antimatter during the Big Bang, allowing the universe to evolve into its current state. The findings, based on 80,000 decays of the Lambda beauty particle, indicate a significant deviation that could reshape our understanding of the cosmos.
The Largest Planetary Nursery Ever Seen
Astronomers have discovered the largest planetary nursery ever observed, located in a massive protoplanetary disk around a young star. This chaotic environment, cataloged as IRAS230776707, spans an astonishing 650 billion kilometers and showcases intricate structures that hint at the complex processes of planet formation. The observations, made using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, reveal a unique perspective on how planetary systems may develop in extreme conditions, raising new questions about the dynamics shaping these disks.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Astrophysical Journal
Nature
CERN Reports
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
(00:00:00) This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 153 for broadcast on 29 December 2025
(00:00:47) ESA's Ramses mission to study asteroid Apophis
(00:12:30) CERN's discovery of matter-antimatter imbalance
(00:20:10) Astronomers observe the largest protoplanetary disk ever found
(00:25:00) New insights into sleep apnea and mental health risks
(00:28:30) Potential discovery of a new ancient human species

In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover groundbreaking astronomical events and the latest advancements in space exploration.
First Ever Super Kilonova Detected
Astronomers have made a significant discovery with the potential detection of the first ever super kilonova explosion. This extraordinary event, cataloged as AT 2025ULZ, is believed to have been triggered by a double supernova explosion, producing both gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation. Lead author Manzi Kasliwal from Caltech's Palomar Observatory discusses how this unique phenomenon could reshape our understanding of stellar evolution and the formation of heavy elements in the universe. With only one confirmed kilonova event to date, this new discovery presents an exciting opportunity to explore the complexities of cosmic explosions.
Blue Ghost 2 Spacecraft Shake Test
Firefly Aerospace's Blue Ghost Mission 2 spacecraft has undergone rigorous shake testing at NASA's Environmental Test Laboratory. This critical assessment simulates the intense vibrations and acoustics experienced during launch, ensuring the spacecraft can withstand the harsh conditions of a rocket ascent. JPL engineer Michael Williams explains the importance of these tests in preparing spacecraft for successful missions, as the Blue Ghost 2 aims to deliver multiple payloads to the lunar far side next year.
Shenzhou 20 Capsule Returns Safely
China's Shenzhou 20 spacecraft has successfully completed an unmanned return to Earth after sustaining damage from space debris. Initially intended to bring a crew of Tigernauts back home, mission managers opted for a safe return without the crew due to concerns over a crack in the capsule's viewport. This decision highlights the importance of safety in space missions, while also providing valuable data for future flights.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
?? Episode References
Astrophysical Journal Letters
NASA Reports
Nature Communications
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.
(00:00:00) This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 152 for broadcast on 26 December 2025
(00:00:47) Astronomers detect what could be the first ever super kilonova explosion
(00:15:30) Firefly Aerospace's Blue Ghost 2 spacecraft undergoes shake testing at NASA's JPL
(00:20:10) China's Shenzhou 20 capsule returns safely to Earth after damage from space debris
(00:25:00) New study reveals the benefits of swearing during physical exertion